Social Development Flashcards
stranger anxiety
- fear of strangers that infants show, when they move away from people they don’t know
- starts at 8 months
attachment
- emotional tie
- can be to any person or even animals or objects
- different types of attachment exist
- most important type of attachment is with parents
- in young children is shown by trying to get closer to parents and crying when they are separated from parents
Which experiment shows that “comfort warmth” is a basic need?
- experiments by Harry Harlow
- monkeys liked to climb on and hug the thing with warm cloth instead of just the one with the food
Describe the experiments of Harry Harlow.
- experiments to determine the needs to develop into social beings
- placed monkeys whose parents died into a room with two parent-shaped wires, one with just food and the other with just a soft cloth and a painted face that looked like it had emotions
- monkey would always hold onto the “mother” with the soft cloth
- when taken away from these fake parents into a new situation they hide and are afraid
- which means they have a basic need for sense of security from responsive caregiving, beyond their basic survival needs, in order for them to believe the world is a safe place
- since monkeys are like humans, this shows us that we probably have similar needs
What did Harry Harlow’s experiment show?
that we need a responsive caregiver to teach us in order to develop our social skills
What are the phases of attachment?
- indiscriminate - 3-4 mo., child can be comforted by anyone
- discriminate - 7-8 mo., child has preference for parents
- specific - 7-8+ mo. child will be comforted only by parents
How long it does take for an emotional tie to a primary caregiver to be formed?
about seven or eight months
What are the different types of attachment of children to their parents?
- secure
- anxious
- avoidant
separation anxiety
distress (горе), e.g. crying, when a child has to be away from their parents
What is the difference in behaviour of children who have different attachment styles?
children who have anxious attachment styles cry more and for longer when they are away from their parents, and it takes longer to settle them down when their parents come back, than children with secure attachment styles
Which person’s experiments showed how children with different attachment styles behave?
- Mary Ainsworth’s experiments
- children who have anxious attachment cry for longer and stay upset even after their caregivers come back
Describe the experiment of Mary Ainsworth.
- set up a “strange situation”
- mothers take toddlers into playroom
- tell toddlers to go play with the toys
- mother leaves
- mothers come back
- if a child has a secure attachment pattern, at first they don’t want to play in the playroom, but eventually they go play, when they see that mom is gone they start to cry a little, but when mom comes back they settle down very quickly
- if a child has an anxious attachment pattern, child is does not want to go and is “clingy” (holds onto the mother), takes longer to get the child to play, once the child sees that mother is gone, they cry a lot more and stronger, and when mother comes back it takes longer for the child to settle down
When does a secure attachment style develop?
- when parents provide caregiving that is
- warm
- consistent
- responsive - in the first year of development
- so the child learns that the world is
- safe
- secure
- predictable
When does an anxious attachment style develop?
- result of inconsistent (sometimes warm and responsive, sometimes not warm and responsive) caregiving
- child doesn’t know what’s going to happen next, world is unpredictable, don’t know what’s going to happen next
What are some advantages that secure children have over anxiously attached children?
- easier to make friends
- do better academically
- higher self-esteem (more confident and feel better about themselves)
- easier to maintain romantic relationships
