Operant Conditioning

Question 1

positive reinforcement

Answer 1

when you keep doing something to get a reward

Question 2

negative reinforcement

Answer 2

when you keep doing something to get away from something bad

Question 3

positive punishment

Answer 3

when you give someone something bad to get someone to stop doing a behaviour

Question 4

negative punishment

Answer 4

when you take away something nice to get someone to stop doing a behaviour

Question 5

shaping

Answer 5

when you give someone reinforcement at small steps along the way to get their behaviour to be closer to the behaviour you want

Question 6

association

Answer 6

automatically think that things that happen together are related

Question 7

associative learning

Answer 7

change your behaviour because you expect certain things to happen together

Question 8

reinforcer

Answer 8

any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows

Question 9

Skinner Box

Answer 9

a chamber that rats were put in, where they could press a button and get food, and they learned to press the button to get food

Question 10

primary reinforcer

Answer 10

something that satisfied a biological need that is used to make someone repeat a certain behavour, e.g. fod

Question 11

conditioned reinforcer

Answer 11

stimulus that does not fulfil a biological need but is associated with a primary reinforcer, e.g. phone, car

Question 12

continuous reinforcement

Answer 12

when the reinforcer is given every time the desired behaviour occurs

Question 13

partial reinforcement

Answer 13

• when the reinforcer is given only some of the times that the desired behaviours occurs
• the behaviour will last longer, take longer to disappear

Question 14

extinction

Answer 14

when a behaviour that was learned disappears

Question 15

intrinsic motivation

Answer 15

when you want to do something just because you want that thing, or like the feeling of learning something new

Question 16

extrinsic motivation

Answer 16

when you want to do something in order to get a reward or avoid punishment

Question 17

overjustification effect

Answer 17

• when you promise someone a reward for something they already like doing, e.g. start paying someone for some volunteer work that before they were doing to feel like a good person
• motivation changes from intrinsic to extrinsic, which is worse because then the person is motivated to do it only if they have the reward