Social Development Flashcards
From birth to 1 year of age, children begin to learn the ability to trust others upon the consistency
of their caregivers.
- Successful/positive building of trust🡪 child gains confidence, and security in the world.
- Unsuccessful/failure of co
Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 years old)
Children gain independence from their mother and confidence to choose what is best
(outfits, food)
o Children must be encouraged to do so to increase their independence and become more
confident
o If children are criticized, overly controlled etc, they become inadequate in their ability to
survive, child questions what they are doing
Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt (1-3 years old)
Child beginning to plan activities and begin to make up games and play with other children
- Child gain a sense of confidence in leading or make decisions
- Criticism leading
Initiative versus Guilt (3-6 year old)
From age 6 to puberty, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments
o Initiating projects, see them through completion and feel good about it and the
achievement. Success-begin to feel industrious and ability to achieve goals that they set out for
themselves
o Failure- Person begins to feel less than or inferior to their counterparts
o This should be reinforced by parents to promote confidence
Industry Versus Inferiority (6-12 years old)
Adolescence in the most important transition as they begin to look at the future
- People begin to look at opportunities and the outcomes of the opportunities
- Parents must encourage this independence
- Forming own identity
- Success- Start to develop identity based on interest and explore options in can accept when things
aren’t for them
- Failure- Someone does not develop a sense of identity and relies on others to tell them what is
best for them
Intimacy Versus role Confusion (12-18 years old)
Middle adulthood: career, establish relationship, family, develop sense of big picture
- Become involved in community activities and organizations
- By failing to achieve these objectives, individuals become stagnant and feel unproductive
Generativity Versus Stagnation (40-65 years old)
Older people slow down, reflect on at heir lives and develop a sense of integrity of they are
pleased with their accomplishments—if not develop despair, depression.
- Micro Level: social development is learning how to behave and interact well with others. Social
development relies on emotional development or learning how to manage feelings so they are
productive
- Macro Level: social development is about a commitment that development processes need to
benefit people (particularly the poor).
o Recognizes the way people interact in groups and society and the norms that facilitate
such interaction
Ego Integrity Versus Despair (65+ years old)
Six Levels of Cognition/In order for a client to learn, there should be objectives at teach of these levels.
o Cognitive: Mental skills
o Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas
o Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (skills)
o Knowledge: rote memorization, recognition, or recall of facts
o Comprehension: understanding what the facts mean
o Application: correct use of the facts, rules or ideas
o Analysis: breaking down information into component parts
o Synthesis: combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole
o Evaluation: judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation
- In order for a client to learn, there should be objectives at teach of these levels.
a. Retains image of objects
b. Develops primitive logic
in manipulative objects
c. Begins intentional
actions
d. Play is imaginative
e. Signals meaning, infant
invests meaning in the
event (babysitter is here,
means mother is living
f. Symbol meaning
(language) begins in the
last stage of this
Sensorimotor Age 0-2 Jean Piaget
a. Progress from concrete to abstract thinking B. Can comprehend past, present, future C. Night terrors' d. Acquires words and symbols E . Magical thinking F. Thinking is not generalized G. Thinking is concrete, irreversible and egocentric H, . Cannot see another point of view i. Thinking Is centered on one detail or event j. Imaginary friends often emerge during this stage and may last into elementary school.
2.) Preoperational 2-7 Jean Piaget
a. Beginnings of abstract thought b. Plays games with rules c. Cause and effect relationship understood d. Thinking is independent of experience e. Thinking is reversible f. Rules of logic are developed
Concrete operations 7-11 Jean Piaget
a. Higher level of abstraction b. Planning for future c. Think hypothetically d. Assumes adult roles and responsibilities
4.) Formal Operations 11 through maturity
Kohlberg
Theories of Moral reasoning is the basis for ethical behavior. The greater the step, the more
ethical reasoning one has. A person must pass through each successive stage of moral development.
Level /Age /Stage/ Orientation
Elementary/before age 9
1 Avoiding Punishment Child obeys an authority figure out of fear of punishment. Obedience/punishment 2 Self Interest Child acts acceptably as it is in their best interest. Conforms to rules to receive awards.
Preconventional / Kohlberg
Level /Age /Stage/ Orientation Early adolescence 3 Good boy attitude Person acts to gain approval from others. “Good boy/good girl” orientation 4 Law and order mortality Obeys laws and fulfills obligations and duties to maintain social system. Rules are rules. Avoids censure and guilt
Conventional (follow
stereotypic norms of
morality)Kohlberg
