Behavior Development

Question 1

involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is automatically elicited by a
certain behavior. A stimulus elicits a response

Answer 1

Respondent

Question 2

voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by its consequences in the
environment

Answer 2

Operant

Question 3

a. Learning occurs as a result of paring previously conditioned stimulus with an
unconditioned (involuntary) stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus eventually elicits
the response normally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
b. Unconditioned Stimulus🡪 Unconditioned Response
c. Unconditioned Stimulus + Conditioned Stimulus🡪 Unconditioned Response
d. Conditioned Stimulus-🡪 Conditioned Response
e. ASSOCIATION

Answer 3

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

Question 4

a. Antecedent events or stimuli precede behaviors, which are followed by consequences.
b. Consequences that increase the occurrence of the behavior are referred to have
reinforcing consequences that decrease the occurrence of the behavior.
c. Reinforcement aims to increase behavior frequency, where as punishment aims to
decrease it
d. Antecedent🡪 Response/Behavior🡪 Consequence
e. Positive reinforcement
i. Increases probability that behavior will occur—praising, giving tokens, or
otherwise praising positive behavior
f. Negative reinforcement
i. Behavior increases because a negative (aversive) stimulus is removed (i.e.
remove shock) (taking away vegetables, taking away homework)
g. Positive punishment
i. Presentation of undesirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of
decreasing or eliminating that behavior (hitting, shocking)
h. Negative punishment
i. Removal of a desirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of
decreasing or eliminating that behavior (removing something positive)

Answer 4

Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)

Question 5

a. Pairing unwanted behavior with discomfort

Answer 5

Specific Behavioral Terms:Aversion Therapy

Question 6

mind body technique that involves using visual or auditory feedback to teach people to recognize s/s of stress.

Answer 6

Biofeedback

Question 7

Reinforcement discontinued in order to decrease or eliminate problem behavior

Answer 7

Extinction

Question 8

Exposure to intense anxiety producing situation or simulation without an attempt to
reduce anxiety

Answer 8

Specific behavior terms: flooding

Question 9

Gradual exposure

Answer 9

Specific behavior terms In-vivo desensitization

Answer 10

Specific behavior term:Modeling

Question 11

Helping client to think through rationally rather than emotionally

Answer 11

Specific behavior term: Rational emotive therapy (RET)

Question 12

Guiding to lead to a new behavior

Answer 12

Specific behavior term: Shaping

Answer 13

Specific behavior term: Systematic desensitization

Answer 14

Specific behavior term: Token economy

Answer 15

Specific behavior term: timeout