social determinants

Question 1

established national immigration quotas by origin

Answer 1

immigration act of 1924

Question 2

abolished immigration quotas

Answer 2

Hart-Cellar Act

Question 3

foreign nativity giving an advantage in morbidity and mortality

Answer 3

immigrant paradox

Question 4

what is the selection reduce effect in the immigrant paradox?

Answer 4

immigrants migrate or don’t based off of how healthy or not they are

Question 5

is the protective effect of the immigrant paradox observed across generations?

Answer 5

protective effect is not sustained over time - both within and across the generation

Question 6

what are some possible explanations of apparent deterioration of health for immigrants with time in the US?

Answer 6

selective return migration, changing expectations, increasing access to health care and diagnoses, acculturation

Question 7

the adoption of host country or dominant cultural norms, attitudes, and lifestyles

Answer 7

acculturation

Question 8

What are the different models of acculturation?

Answer 8

short acculturation scale for hispanics (marin and marin)

Question 9

what are some key critiques of the application of the concept of acculturation?

Answer 9

rarely define, implicitly assumes linear processes of change with monolithic cultural entities, neglects structural favor, lacks a life course perspective, and usually approximated

Question 10

a theoretical framework that focuses on social and economic context and subgroup heterogeneity, with variable trajectories, with attention to social context, radicalization, SES, life course issues

Answer 10

segmented assimilation

Question 11

imposition of racial categories and corresponding social meanings - perceived discrimination increases with tie in the US, reactive identity

Answer 11

radicalization

Question 12

dark skinned individuals experience more interpersonal discrimination, and are therefore more stressed and have worse outcomes

Answer 12

colorism

Question 13

what are some special considerations that should be taken into account when looking at the axes of SES measures for immigrants

Answer 13

individual vs area; absolute vs relative; objective vs subjective

Question 14

what is subjective social status?

Answer 14

how one’s social status changes after immigrating - often a 3-step decline in status

Question 15

what is a socially assigned race?

Answer 15

the race that other people think you are - affects how you are perceived by others

Question 16

what is it mean to take a life course approach to immigrant health?

Answer 16

have to also take into consideration historical context and the persons’ age at time of immigration

Question 17

What is an example of a sensitive period that may be particularly germane for immigrants?

Answer 17

language acquisition and identity formation

Question 18

a biological construct premised upon biological characteristics enabling sexual reproduction

Answer 18

sex

Question 19

social constructs regarding culture-bound conventions, roles, and behaviors for, as well as between and among

Answer 19

gender

Question 20

gender and biological expressions of gender vary across…

Answer 20

a continuum

Question 21

what are some problems associated the dominant approaches to gender and sex in public health?

Answer 21

variation of sexual development, reductionism, excluding certain groups from studies

Question 22

what is the gender health paradox?

Answer 22

gender social inequalities do not equal gender health inequalities - unlike other major axes of social stratification, male privilege does not translate into unambiguous health benefits for men

Question 23

which gender has the longer life expectancy?

Answer 23

women

Question 24

what are some characteristics that could skew to the gender paradox?

Answer 24

contexts characterized by low resources and highly patriarchal regimes, with skewed sex rations and missing women, and with gender based violence and eating disorders

Question 25

what does it mean to move beyond binary constructions of sex and gender?

Answer 25

to view gender as a spectrum, and realize that there are also intersex individuals, or gender non-conforming people

Question 26

How can we explain the apparent gender health paradox?

Answer 26

material, behavioral, and psychosocial/stress

Question 27

what are some ways in which material resources could explain the gender paradox?

Answer 27

cohabitation and common interests in health mean that there is a lot of overlap in material resources

Question 28

what are the two sides of ambivalent sexism?

Answer 28

hostile and benevolent -

Question 29

generalized ideological motive to justify the existed social order, often resulting in internalization of inferiority by members of disadvantaged groups

Answer 29

hegemony

Question 30

What is durkeim's theory of stigma?

Answer 30

anomie - the intense feeling of not fitting into broader social order and norms

Question 31

What is goffman's theory of stigma?

Answer 31

it stems from an attribute that is deeply disturbing - a clash between virtual social identity and actual social identity, focused on relationship between normals and the exercise of social control

Question 32

What is the theory of stigma from link and phelan?

Answer 32

stigma is a process whereby a label sets the labeled person apart from others, links the person to undesirable characteristics, and leads to rejection and discrimination

Question 33

what is the minority stress model

Answer 33

additive (unique and different from general stressors), chronic (larger influences feeding into it that are persistent), socially based (rooted in larger society and institutions, parallel to institutional racism)

Question 34

What are some examples of distal events in minority stress model?

Answer 34

objective stressful events, external

Question 35

What are some examples of some proximal events of the minority stress model?

Answer 35

stress produced from within, internal

Question 36

what are some individual level factors that affect sexual minorities?

Answer 36

rejection sensitivity that is stigma-based, concealment,

Question 37

What are some interpersonal factors that affect sexual minorities?

Answer 37

abuse, rejection, discrimination

Question 38

What are some structural factors that affect sexual minorities?

Answer 38

state policies, institutional practices

Question 39

what are some of the major methologial challenges of sexuality studies?

Answer 39

selection or response bias, small samples and underpowered studies, precise mechanisms, fluidity of sexuality is not always captured

Question 40

What are some of the major finding of structural stigma research by hatzenbeuhler?

Answer 40

states with at least one protective policy are associated with lower suicide rates

Question 41

how do social scientists characterize and define someone's sexuality?

Answer 41

sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and self-identification

Question 42

a concerted attempt by a group of people, beyond an individual, to agitate, advocate, or push collectively for longer term social change

Answer 42

social movement

Question 43

how much money, networks, institutional capacity a social movement has

Answer 43

resource mobilization

Question 44

timing of a social movement

Answer 44

political opportunity

Question 45

wording phrases, images, rhetoric, narrative, and stories of social movements

Answer 45

framing and culture

Question 46

what are the 3 common research traditions in social movements

Answer 46

resource mobilization, political opportunity, framing and culture

Question 47

what is the difference between frame viability and frame validity?

Answer 47

some framing terms are better at catching on, even if not accurate or misleading

Question 48

what are some challenges social movements must consider?

Answer 48

conciliation confrontation or compromise problem; inside vs outside problem; fence sitter problem; coalition; producing real results;

Question 49

the theoretical framework that posits that multiple social categories intersect and the micro level of individual experience to reflect interlocking systems of privilege and opression

Answer 49

intersectionality

Question 50

why is intersectionality harder to study?

Answer 50

approach problematizes social categories as a binary, but must operationally rely on cross clarification of such categories

Question 51

adverse health outcomes that can arise from the intersection of high and low status - higher status along one axis does not necessarily confer and increased risk

Answer 51

intersectionality paradox

Question 52

monetary transfers, conditional on compliance with requirements related to human capital, fertility, and health care

Answer 52

conditional cash transfer programs

Question 53

incorporating attention to health into social and economic policies - holding institutions, actors, and policies outside of the health sector accountable for the impacts of actions on health outcomes

Answer 53

health in all policies

Question 54

a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judges as to its potential effectst on the health of the population and the distribution of those effects

Answer 54

who health impact assessment