Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DOH Final > Biological Determinants of Health - Session 1 > Flashcards

Biological Determinants of Health - Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the process where oogonia divide to produce primary oocytes

A

oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primary oocytes begin at the first step of meiosis I, but then stop at the ___ stage, and remain this way until a female reaches sexual maturity

A

diplotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When do the oocytes ares?

A

before birth - by week 20 of fetal development around 4 million eggs have developed, though only 1 million remain at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

During each month’s menstrual cycle, one primary oocyte grows to be much larger than the others (due to richest blood supply, more estrogen production, and more hormone receptors), and it completes meiosis I to form…

A

a secondary oocyte and a polar body that dies odd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization occurs?

A

it completes meiosis II, producing a nonfunctioning pillar body byproduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lutenizing hormone is produced in the ___

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of Lutenizing hormones LH in females?

A

acts on hormone producing thea cells to secrete testosterone, which is covered to estrogen by granulose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when there tis an LH surge in a female’s cycle?

A

induces ovulation and the formation of the corpus lutetium, which prepares the uterus for possible implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if there is no fertilization of an egg?

A

estrogen and progesterone send feedback to the pituitary and hypothalamus to suppress GnRH, FSH, and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

each month in an ovulating female, one follicle matures to become the____, which is released, and travels down the fallopian tube

A

Graafian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the granulosa cell that formed the follicle that contained the released egg?

A

forms the corpus liter, which grows inside the ovary to produce estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is fertilization?

A

the CL regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if there if fertilization?

A

the CL continues to grow, providing progesterone and estrogen to support pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the phase in the menstrual cycle where hormones stimulate follicular growth and estrogen secretion

A

follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the phase where the ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum

A

luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hormone that stimulates follicular growth and estrogen secretion

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens when estrogen creates a positive feedback response?

A

prompts LH surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the progesterone of the corpus luteum stimulate?

A

thickening of the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the product of the fused sperm and egg cells that begins traveling to the uterus

A

zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a 16 cell cluster that contains the inner mass that will become the embryo, and the outer call mass that will become the placenta

A

morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does the placenta originate from

A

fetal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the period ranging from zygote to blastocyst, before week 3

A

pre-embryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

between the 3rd and 9th weeks of development, period where the ectoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm develop

A

embryonic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The period of development after week 8

A

fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Wh is the critical window for neural tube defects?

A

embryonic and early fetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the critical window for heart defects?

A

early embryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the crital window for upper and lower limb development?

A

early embryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the critical window for cleft lip defects?

A

middle embryonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the critical window for ear and eye defects?

A

middle to late embryonic

30
Q

What is the critical window for teeth defects?

A

late embryonic

31
Q

What is the critical window for cleft palate defects?

A

late embryonic

32
Q

When in development does masculinization of female genitalia occur?

A

late embryonic to early fetal

33
Q

when in development is a baby most vulnerable to thalami?

A

embryonic phase

34
Q

What is the “all or none” phenomenon in human development?

A

in the pre embryonic stage, either the pre-embryo recovers completely from a teratogen of there is a spontaneous abortion of the pre embryo

35
Q

A drug that had been given to women to prevent morning sickness, but ended up being a teratogen that affected upper and lowre limb development

A

thaliomide

36
Q

When is the baby most vulnerable to teratogens that would cause mental retardation?

A

late embryonic to mid-fetal

37
Q

When is the baby most susceptible to CNS developmental defects?

A

late fetal

38
Q

When does the brain develop?

A

last 3 months until after birth, up to 16 years old

39
Q

List some factors that have contributed to the decline in infant mortality in the US?

A

Environmental interventions, rising standards of living, medical care, public health

40
Q

What are some direct causes of maternal mortality?

A

hemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis, abortion

41
Q

What are some indirect causes of maternal death?

A

malaria, anemia, hepatitis, heart disease, HIV

42
Q

What structural factors make some women more vulnerable to maternal mortality?

A

access to care, pregnancy protections

43
Q

Why is there such a focus on sexual health in adolescents and young adults?

A

many unplanned pregnancies happen in teens, less likely to have knowledge or access to contraceptives, but are more fertile during that period

44
Q

Which 3 STIs are the most common in 15-24 year olds?

A

HPV, Trichomonas, and Chlamydia

45
Q

For which STI is there an approved vaccine for both boys and girls?

A

HPV

46
Q

STI where it’s important to know about diagnosis during delivery to prevent infection for infant in birth canal

A

HSV

47
Q

may make it easier for other STIs to be transmitted, since barrier is broken down

A

HSV

48
Q

What are the 5 P’s of Sexual History?

A

Partners, Practices, Protection, Past history, and Prevention of Pregnancy

49
Q

Why do we retest for STIs after an initial infection?

A

to make sure it’s gone

50
Q

STIs that can be treated with antibiotics?

A

bacterial STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphillis

51
Q

the most common bacterial STI - can be spread by vaginal, anal, oral sex, or birth canal

A

chlamydia

52
Q

Why are more women diagnosed with chlamydia than men?

A

women are more symptomatic and have more regular doctor’s visits

53
Q

what are the symptoms of chlamydia?

A

often asymptomatic, but can cause vaginal or penile discharge

54
Q

what is expedited partner therapy?

A

partner can be treated for chlamydia without getting test

55
Q

tends to have more symptoms than chlamydia, also caused by a bacteria, and especially symptomatic in men

A

gonorrhea

56
Q

why is gohnorrhea more difficult to treat than chlaydia?

A

antibiotic resistance

57
Q

what is one severe side effect of untreated STIs?

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

58
Q

what is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

infection of the fallopian tubes and uterus, can lead to lower abdominal tenderness, fever, abnormal cervical discharge, and infertility in women

59
Q

a bacterial std that has many symptoms similar to other diseases, but untreated can lead to invasion of the nervous system or heart

A

syphilis

60
Q

genital warts, and 30 of the subtypes are known to cause ceervical cancer

A

HPV

61
Q

What is the CDC recommendation for chlamydia screening for females under 25?

A

annual screening

62
Q

What is the CDC recommendation for gonorrhoeae for at-risk sexually active females

A

annual screening

63
Q

Why is there isofficient evident to recommend routine chlamydia screening for young men?

A

feasibility, efficacy, cost

64
Q

what are some nonmusical benefits of contraception?

A

expanded access to education, work, and financial security, increased resources, greater attention and care to each child, higher productivity, increased gender equality and reduced public spending

65
Q

What percentage of pregnancies are unplanned?

A

nearly half

66
Q

What is the role of title X in public health?

A

dedicated solely to providing individuals who comprehensive family planning and related preventative health services

67
Q

contraceptive method that blocks STI, but not very reliable (85%)

A

condoms

68
Q

how does “the pill” work

A

progesterone inhibits the LH, causes cervical mucous to thicken, reducing sperm penetration, while estrogen blacks FSH, which blocks ovulation

69
Q

An implant that slowly releases a synthetic hormone

A

long acting revisable contraception

70
Q

how do IUD’s work?

A

thickens the cervical mucus and inhibits sperm motility and function, and prevents fertilization

DOH Final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions