Social & Cultural life in Russia/USSR

Question 1

lenin-
what happened in the feb rev?

Answer 1

pre-abducation:
-war led to further hardship
-all social classes felt abandoned
-Tsar Nicolas tied his fate to the war
-Tsarina left in charge
post-abdication :
-nicholas 2 brother offered role
-end of romanov rule
-provisional government promises land reforms, to leave war and free elections
-provisional gov began to spiral (bolshevik user that to gear up revolution)

Question 2

lenin-
what happened in the oct rev?

Answer 2

-provis gov struggles with war losses, food shortages and so is breakdown
-bolsheviks preparing for takeover
-takeover began oct 24
-red guards take over gas works and railway stations
-bolsheviks won

Question 3

lenin-
what was the civil war?

Answer 3

red vs whites - bolsheviks, peasants vs Mensheviks, former tsarists, nationalist and socialist revolutionists
reds wanted to preserve oct revolution
whites wanted to destroy the bolsheviks
outcome:
-many people died
-USSR was formed 1922
-death of lenin 1924

Question 4

stalin
what is war communism?

Answer 4

the government controls:
-priv trade banned
-grain sources from rural areas to cities
- industries nationalised and run by new supreme economic council
-rationing increased
-production run by the state
-state control granted the labor over every citizen
-extreme centralisation was introduced
-state attempted to become the soul distributor and soul oroducer

Question 5

what is NEP and how did it impact life for russian?

Answer 5

1921-1928
- introduction to some capitalist ideas into a communist society in order to boost economic growth
-priv ownership of land, private ownership of small factories, private trading on a small scale
-mix of communism and capitalism

Question 6

compare and contrast war communism and collectivization in the USSR

Answer 6

highly similar if not the same, both had the state take private lands that then were used by the state to control most agricultural products, discipline + extreme quotas were placed on workers. rationing increased. these led to massive famines and mass amounts of deaths.

collectivization- Elimination of the kulaks + the Holodomor

Question 7

how did life change for people in the soviet union under stalin?

Answer 7

-industrialisation
-forced collectivisation
-terror and repression
-many people died due to famine

Question 8

what was stalins first five year plan?

Answer 8

-wanted to increase industrial development
-focused on collectivisation and requisitioning (acquiring goods)
-peasents were spread creating collective farms, ending the NEP
-the plan aimed to increase food production for those in the cities although resulted in famine
-unrealistic quotas were set
-used to strengthen national security and to strengthen soviets military incase of war
-transform the soviets society
-promoting elimination of the kulaks
-people would resist by burning crops and killing livestock
ultimately it had successes such as rapid industrialization, agricultural collectivization, prisoner labor, economic growth, and preparation for war.
failures included unrealistic quotas, widespread famine, and resistance from peasants.

Question 9

consequences of collectivisation

Answer 9

-mass amount of deaths
-famine
-holodomor where millions of people in ukraine died due to starvation