Social & Cultural Foundations

Question 1

Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This means the client:

a) is culturally biased
b) suffers from the diagnosis of cultural relativity
c) belongs to a different culture from the helper
d) presents problems which deal only with culturally charged issues

Answer 1

c) belongs to a different culture from the helper

Question 2

In the US, each socioeconomic group represents:

a) a separate race
b) a separate culture
c) the silent middle class
d) a separate national culture

Answer 2

b) a separate culture

Question 3

Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?

a) Freud
b) Durkheim
c) McDougall
d) Berne

Answer 3

d) Berne

Question 4

Daniel Levinson proposed a theory with several major life transitions. He:

a) is the father of multicultural counseling
b) wrote the 1978 classic Seasons of a Man’s Life and the sequel Seasons of a Woman’s Life in 1997
c) postulated a midlife crisis for men between ages 40-45 and for women approximately five years earlier
d) b and c

Answer 4

d) b and c

Question 5

The term contextualism implies that:

a) multicultural counseling is the oldest sub-specialty in the profession
b) behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs
c) the notion of worldview is highly inaccurate
d) projective tests are more accurate than objective measures when performing cross-cultural counseling

Answer 5

b) behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs

Question 6

When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or she is technically referring to:

a) the prognosis
b) the diagnosis
c) the intervention
d) attending behavior

Answer 6

a) the prognosis

Question 7

Some research suggests that very poor economic conditions correlate very highly with:

a) passivity
b) nonassertive behavior
c) a and b
d) aggression

Answer 7

d) aggression

Question 8

The frustration-aggression theory is associated with:

a) Albert Ellis
b) Robert Havighurst, who created the idea of the developmental task concept
c) Eric Berne, the creator of transactional analysis (TA)
d) John Dollard and Neal Miller

Answer 8

d) John Dollard and Neal Miller

Question 9

A statistical norm measures actual conduct, while a cultural norm:

a) describes how people are supposed to act
b) has little to do with expectations
c) is irrelevant when counseling a client
d) all of the above

Answer 9

a) describes how people are supposed to act

Question 10

Early vocalization in infants:

a) is more complex in African American babies
b) is more complex in Caucasian babies
c) is nearly identical in all cultures around the globe
d) is the finest indicator of elementary school performance

Answer 10

c) is nearly identical in all cultures around the globe

Question 11

Most individuals believe that people whom they perceive as attractive:

a) are nonassertive
b) are aggressive
c) have other positive traits
d) are socially adept but not very intelligent

Answer 11

c) have other positive traits

Question 12

A counselor who is seeing a client from a different culture would most likely expect social conformity than he or she would from a client from his or her own culture:

a) less
b) more
c) the same
d) more realistic

Answer 12

a) less

Question 13

A woman who is being robber:

a) would probably get the most assistance in a crowd with a large number of bystanders
b) find that the number of people who would respond to he distress actually decreases as the number of bystanders increases
c) would rarely have a bystander from a different race try to help her
d) none of the aboce

Answer 13

b) find that the number of people who would respond to he distress actually decreases as the number of bystanders increases

Question 14

Parents who do not tolerate or use aggression when raising children produce:

a) less aggressive children
b) more aggressive children
c) passive-aggressive children
d) passive-dependent children

Answer 14

a) less aggressive children

Question 15

When counseling a client from a different culture, a common error is made when negative transference:

a) is interpreted as positive transference
b) is interpreted as therapeutic resistance
c) is interpreted as White privilege
d) none of the above

Answer 15

b) is interpreted as therapeutic resistance

Question 16

Multicultural counseling often adhere to the emic viewpoint. The word emic:

a) is associated with the Supreme Court decision of 1954 outlawing segregation
b) suggests that all clients are alike regardless of culture
c) is associated with Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT)
d) is a “culture specific” perspective, from the word phonemic meaning sounds in a particular language

Answer 16

d) is a “culture specific” perspective, from the word phonemic meaning sounds in a particular language

Question 17

An Asian counselor says to an African American client., “If you’re unhappy with the system, get out there and rebel. You can change the system.” This is the _______ viewpoint for coping with the environment:

a) emic viewpoint
b) alloplastic viewpoint
c) etic viewpoint
d) autoplastic viewpoint

Answer 17

b) alloplastic viewpoint

Question 18

The word personalism in the context of multicultural counseling means:

a) all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands
b) the counselor must adjust to the client’s cultural mores
d) a counselor who personalizes the treatment is most effective
d) biologically speaking, there is no reason why humans must adjust to environmental demands

Answer 18

a) all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands

Question 19

A client remarks, “Hey, I’m Black and it’s nearly impossible to hide it.” This is illustrative of the fact that:

a) race is not the same as ethnicity
b) African Americans struggle when expressing feelings
c) a connotative impediment exists
d) severe ambivalent transference exists

Answer 19

a) race is not the same as ethnicity

Question 20

F. H. Allport created the concept of social facilitation. According to this theory, an individual who is given the task of memorizing a list of numbers will:

a) perform better if he or she is alone
b) perform better if he or she is part of a group
c) perform better if he or she has undergone psychotherapy
d) perform better if he or she is an auditory learner

Answer 20

b) perform better if he or she is part of a group

Question 21

The tendency to affiliate with others:

a) is highest in the middle child
b) is highest in dysthymics
c) is highest in firstborns and only children
d) is based on hormonal output

Answer 21

c) is highest in firstborns and only children

Question 22

The client who would most likely engage in introspection would be a:

a) 52-year old single African American male school administrator
b) 49-year old Caucasian homeless male
c) 40-year old divorces Caucasian female who is out of work and has three children
d) 19-year old Hispanic mother on welfare with two children

Answer 22

a) 52-year old single African American male school administrator