Reseach & Program Evaluation Flashcards
You are observing a family in their own home for 1 hour per day to determine why the members claim they “do not get along very well.” You will judge the situation to get a feeling about what is really going on. This is most likely:
a) an example of qualitative research
b) an example of quantitative research
c) an example of research that will lead to deductive reasoning
d) a true experiment
a) an example of qualitative research
You are a consultant for an elementary school and you are working with a 5th grade teacher who is attempting to improve her teaching in social studies. You should recommend:
a) a true experiment
b) a meta-analysis
c) a single-subject (in this case a student) design
d) action research
d) action research
As the consultant for the teacher who will be conducting the action research you will advise her to:
a) analyze the data using a correlation coefficient
b) create a control and an experimental group
c) analyze the data using a t-test
d) none of the above would be necessary
d) none of the above would be necessary
You are the executive director of a counseling agency. You are seeking to hire an individual to conduct research on persons with disabilities. Your best choice would most likely be:
a) a social worker who is licensed and served a practicum in a rehabilitation center
b) a CRC
c) an I/O psychologist
d) a counselor with MAC after her name
c) an I/O psychologist
Experiments emphasize parsimony, which means:
a) interpreting the results in the simplest way
b) interpreting the results in the most complex manner
c) interpreting the results using a correlation coefficient
d) interpreting the results using a clinical interview
a) interpreting the results in the simplest way
Experimenters should always abide by a code of ethics. The variable you manipulate/control in an experiment is the:
a) DV
b) dependent variable
c) the variable you will measure to determine the outcome
d) IV or independent variable
d) IV or independent variable
Hypothesis testing is most closely related to the work of:
a) Hoppock
b) Frued
c) Lloyd Morgan
d) R.A. Fisher
d) R.A. Fisher
In the social sciences the accepted probability level is usually:
a) .05 or less
b) 1.0 or higher
c) .0001 or less
d) 5.0
a) .05 or less
A Type I error occurs when:
a) you have a beta error
b) you accept null when it is false
c) you reject null when it is true
d) you fail to use a test of significance
c) you reject null when it is true
A counselor educator decides to increase the sample size in her experiment. This will:
a) confound the experiment in nearly every case
b) raise the probability to Type I and Type II errors
c) have virtually no impact on Type I and Type II errors
d) reduce Type I and Type II errors
d) reduce Type I and Type II errors
To complete a t-test you would consult a tabled value of t. In order to see if significant differences exist in a ANOVA you would:
a) consult the mode
b) consult a table for t values
c) consult a table for F values
d) compute the chi-square
c) consult a table for F values
Which of the following would most likely yield a perfect correlation of 1.00?
a) IQ and salary
b) ICD diagnosis and salary
c) length in inches and length in centimeters
d) height and weight
c) length in inches and length in centimeters
A good guess would be that if you would correlate the length of CACREP graduates’ baby toes with their NCE scores the result would:
a) be close to 0.00
b) be close to a perfect 1.00
c) be close to a perfect negative correlation of -1.00
d) be about +.70
a) be close to 0.00
In a basic curve or so-called frequency polygon the point of maximum concentration is the:
a) mean
b) median
c) mode
d) range
c) mode
Regardless of the shape, the _____ will always be the high point when a distribution is displayed graphically:
a) df
b) mean
c) median
d) mode
d) mode
Nina of the world’s finest counselor educators are given an elementary exam on counseling theory. The distribution of scores would most likely be:
a) a bell-shaped curve
b) positively skewed
c) negatively skewed
d) more information wold be necessary
c) negatively skewed
A distribution with class intervals can be graphically displayed via a bar graph also called a:
a) histogram
b) sociogram
c) genogram
d) genus
a) histogram
When a horizontal line is drawn under a frequency distribution it is known as:
a) mesokurtic
b) the y axis
c) the ordinate
d) the x axis
d) the x axis
A sociogram is to a counseling group as a scattergram is to:
a) the normal curve
b) the range
c) a correlation coefficient
d) the John Henry Effect
c) a correlation coefficient
A platykurtic distribution would look approximately like:
a) the upper half of a bowling ball
b) the normal distribution
c) the upper half of a hot dog, lying on its side over the abscissa
d) a camel’s back
c) the upper half of a hot dog, lying on its side over the abscissa
Researchers often utilize naturalistic observation when doing ethological investigations or studying children’s behavior. In this approach:
a) the researcher manipulates the IV
b) the researcher manipulates the IV and DV
c) the researcher does not manipulate or control variables
d) the researcher will rely on a 2x3 factorial design
c) the researcher does not manipulate or control variables
A panel of investigators discovered that a research who completed a major study had unconsciously rated attractive females as better counselors. This is an example of:
a) the Hawthorne effect
b) the Halo effect
c) the Rosenthal effect
d) trend analysis
b) the Halo effect
Switching the order in which stimuli are presented to a subject in a study is known as:
a) the Pygmalion effect
b) counterbalancing
c) ahistoric therapy
d) multiple treatment interference
b) counterbalancing
A researcher wants to run a true experiment but insists she will not use a random sample. You could safely say that:
a) she absolutely, positively cannot run a true experiment
b) her research will absolutely, positively be casual comparative research
c) she could accomplish this using systematic sampling
d) her research will be correlational
c) she could accomplish this using systematic sampling
A researcher studies a single session of counseling in which a counselor treats a client’s phobia using a paradoxical strategy. He then writes in his research report that paradox is the treatment of choice for phobics. This is an example of:
a) deductive logic or reasoning
b) inductive logic or reasoning
c) attrition or so-called experimental mortality
d) construct validity
b) inductive logic or reasoning
Occam’s Razor suggests that experimenter:
a) interpret the results in the simplest manner
b) interpret the results in the most complex manner
c) interpret the results using a correlation co-efficient
d) interpret the results using a clinical interview
a) interpret the results in the simplest manner
An experiment is said to be confounded when:
a) undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment
b) undesirable variables are kept out of the experiment
c) basic research is used in place of applied research
d) the sample is random
a) undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment
In experimental terminology IV stands for _____ and DV stands for _______.
a) independent variable; dependent variable
b) dependent variable; independent variable
c) individual variable; dependent variable
d) independent variable; designer variable
a) independent variable; dependent variable
When you see the letter P in relation to a test of significance it means:
a) portion
b) population parameter
c) probability
d) the researcher is using an ethnographic qualitative approach
c) probability
A counselor believes that clients who receive assertiveness training will ask more questions in counseling classes. An experimental group receives assertiveness training while a control group does not. In order to test for significant differences between the groups the counselor should utilize:
a) the student’s t-test
b) a correlation coefficient
c) a survey
d) an analysis of variance of ANOVA
a) the student’s t-test
In a new study the clients do not know whether they are receiving an experimental treatment for depression or whether they are simply part of the control group. This is, nevertheless, known to the researcher. Thus, this is a :
a) double-blind study
b) single-blind study
c) baseline for an intensive N=1 design
d) participant observe model
b) single-blind study
In a normal curve the mean, the median, and the mode all fall precisely in the middle of the curve. From a graphical standpoint the so-called normal or Gaussian curve (named after the astronomer/mathematician K. F. Gauss) looks like:
a) a symmetrical bell
b) the top half of a bowling ball
c) the top half of a hot dog
d) a mountain which is leaning toward the left
a) a symmetrical bell
The most useful measure of central tendency is the:
a) mean often abbreviated by an X with a bar over it
b) median often abbreviated by Md. or Mdn.
c) mode often abbreviated by Mo.
d) point of maximum concentration
a) mean often abbreviated by an X with a bar over it
In a career counseling session an electrical engineer mentions 3 jobs he has held. The first paid $10 per hour, the second paid $30 per hour, and the third paid a higher rate of $50 per hour. The counselor responds that the client is averaging $30 per hour. The counselor is using:
a) a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
b) a factorial design
c) the harmonic mean
d) the mean
d) the mean
In World War II the Air Force used stanine score as a measurement. Stanine scores divide the distribution into 9 equal intervals with stanine 1 as the lowest ninth and 9 as the highest ninth. In this system 5 is the man. Thus, a Binet IQ score of 101 would fall in stanine:
a) 1
b) 9
c) 5
d) 7
c) 5
The WAIS-III IQ test is given to 100 adults, who were picked randomly. How many of the adults most likely would receive an IQ score between 85 and 115?
a) 7 people
b) 99 people
c) 96 people
d) 68 people
d) 68 people
Mike takes a math achievement test. In order to predict his score if he takes the test again the counselor must know:
a) the range of scores in his class
b) the standard deviation
c) the standard error of measurement (SEM)
d) the mode for the test
c) the standard error of measurement (SEM)
