Social Control and Deviance Flashcards
social deviance
any transgression of socially established norms
crime
the violation of laws enacted by society
social cohesion
social bonds; how well people relate and get along
mechanical solidarity
social cohesion based on sameness
organic solidarity
social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of parts
social control
mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
formal social sanctions
social control via rules or laws
informal social sanctions
unspoken rules of social life
social integration
how well you are integrated into your social group
social regulation
number of rules guiding your daily life
egoistic suicide
suicide as a result of poor social integration
altruistic suicide
suicide resulting from too much integration
anomic suicide
suicide resulting from too little social regulation
fatalistic suicide
suicide that results from too much social regulation
strain theory
Merton’s theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
conformist
individual who accepts both socially acceptable goals and strategies to achieve them
ritualist
individual who rejects socially acceptable goals but not the means
innovator
individual who accepts socially defined goals but not the means to achieve them
retreatist
individual who rejects both socially acceptable goals and means by refusing to participate in society
rebel
individual who rejects both socially acceptable goals and means and wants to alter or destroy the institutions associated with them
labeling theory
the idea that individuals will over time come to base their identity on the way others label them
primary deviance
first act of rule breaking that may incur the label of “deviant” and thus influence how people think of you
secondary deviance
subsequent acts of deviance that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your being labeled a deviant and people’s expectations
stigma
a negative social label that not only changes other’s behavior toward a person, but that person’s own self-concept and social identity
broken windows theory of deviance
a theory that claims social context and cues impact whether a person acts deviantly
street crime
crime committed in public; often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty
white collar crime
offense committed by a professional against a corporation, agency or other institution
corporate crime
white collar crime committed by officiers of a corporation
deterrence theory
theory that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits
recidivism
when a person who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts to criminal behavior
Panopticon
Prison designed by Bentham and Foucault’s metaphor for the general functioning of disciplinary techniques in society
