Social conditions: Education reform under the communists Flashcards
Who was the firs commissioner for education?
-Lunachasky- absolute control of schools
What happened to church schools under Lunachasky?
-handed over education to soviets.
What Duma aim did Stalin fulfil in 1930 in terms of primary schools?
-Primary education compulsory until 12.
Primary school numbers in 1929 vs 1930?
8M- 18M
What subjects disappeared and what were they replaced with under Stalin
-religion- replaced with revolution
Who also sometimes went to basic school under Stalin?
-Adults went to build a competent workforce.- war on literacy
What did the Bolsheviks do with the gymnasia system?
-swapped it and replaced it with polytechnics/ skills development on one area.
Although the Bolsheviks scrapped the gymnasia system, what did it change back to?
-some gymnasia
-some purely vocational.
By 1932 how many kids were in vocational schools?
6.9M
What did Stalin do in terms of school fees?
-scrapped them
What did Khrushchev do in terms of education to distance himself from Stalin?
-rewrote the history books.
What did Khrushchev do in terms of secondary schools?
-reverted secondary schools back to the Polytechnic model.
General points about Moscow university?
1/4 of students there
-revolutionary activity- put down harshly by Stolypin
-variety of student groups.
What were the aims of education under Lenin?
-‘achieved through a system of productive labour’
-‘project method- working at factories and preparing reports on what they had seen
What was the style of teaching encouraged under Lenin?
-Babushkas (barley literate themselves)
-responsibly passed to collective farms
-reaction against education
