Social cognition (Selman's levels of perspective taking) Flashcards
What is social cognition?
Developing social skills and awareness of social situations.
What is perspective taking?
The ability to see social situations from somebody else’s point of view.
What did Selman say you are if you can’t perspective take?
Socially egocentric.
List Selman’s Levels of Perspective Taking.
- Egocentric (3-6 yrs).
- Social Informational (6-8 yrs).
- Self-Reflective (8-10 yrs).
- Third party/Mutual (10-12 yrs)
- Societal (12 yrs+)
Outline the Egocentric level.
-3-6 years
-Socially egocentric.
-They lack perspective taking.
Outline the Social Information level.
-6-8 years
-Understand that other pov’s exist.
-Lack perspective taking.
Outline the Self-Reflective Level.
-8-10 years
-Begin to understand morals, values and beliefs.
-It becomes more personal.
Outline the Third Party/Mutual level.
-10-12 years
-Understand and are aware of multiple, third party opinions at the same time.
Outline the Societal level.
-12+ years
-Understand that perspectives depend on the values, norms and pressures of the society you come from.
Give advantages of Selman’s levels of perspective taking.
+Supporting evidence from Selman.
The Hollie scenario suggested a positive correlation between a person’s age and their ability to perspective take.
+Real life applications.
They are helpful and successful in educational settings. This increases the ecological validity and credibility.
Give disadvantages of Selman’s levels of perspective taking.
-Methodology of supporting evidence.
Has researcher bias, Selman proposed his own theory and backed it up with his own research. This decreases the validity.
He also used small/biased samples (males) so the results can’t be generalised.
-Lack of comprehensiveness.
he doesn’t account for individual differences, it is reductionist.
It is also outdated because we are now neuro-diversity.
