Social Class Differences In Achievement (External)

Question 1

Cultural Deprivation

Answer 1

When students lack the ‘cultural equipment ‘ to do well in school

Question 2

Bernstein(1975)

Answer 2

Speech codes: Restricted Code, Elaborated Code

Question 3

Aspects to cultural deprivation

Answer 3

Language
Parents Education
Subcultures

Question 4

Douglas (1964) Parents Education

Answer 4

Found that wc parents places less value on education. As a result, they were less ambitious for their children and gave less encouragement

Question 5

FEINSTEIN (2008)

Answer 5

argues middle-class parents tend to be better educated and as such socialise
children to be more positive toward education.
parenting style
Parents educational behaviours
Use of income
Class income and parental education

Question 6

Sugarman (Subcultures)

Answer 6

Fatalism
Immediate Gratification
Collectivism
Present time Orientation

Question 7

Compensatory Education

Answer 7

Compensatory education programmes aim to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas

Question 8

Material Deprivation

Answer 8

refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as housing and income
Housing
Diet and health
Financial support and cost of education
Fear of debt

Question 9

Tanner

Answer 9

found the cost of transport, books, computers, calculators, and sports, music and art equipment place a heavy burden on poor families

Question 10

Callendar and jackson

Answer 10

found working-class students are more debt averse – they saw it as negative and something to avoid. They saw more costs than benefits to going to university

Question 11

Feinstein

Answer 11

argues despite income level those parents who are better educated make a positive contribution to a child’s achievement.

Question 12

Cultural Capital

Answer 12

This term is used to refer to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of the middle class. He sees middle-class culture (HABITUS) as a type of capital because like wealth it gives an advantage to those who possess it

Question 13

Bernstein

Answer 13

argues that through socialisation middle-class children acquire the ability to grasp, analyse and express abstract ideas. This gives middle-class children an advantage at school where such abilities and interests are highly valued.

Question 14

BOURDIEU

Answer 14

argues educational, economic and cultural capital can be
converted into one another.