social class and achievment internal

Question 1

which sociologist interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers and found they were judging students based on how closely they fitted the idea of a perfect pupil

Answer 1

howard becker 1971

Question 2

what do working class schools think and ideal pupil is compared to a middle class school

Answer 2

wc= passive quiet obedient 
mc= academic ability and personality

Question 3

secondary school teachers normalised wc under achievement but expected what of mc students

Answer 3

thought they could overcome it with help

Question 4

explain the three steps of a self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 4

1. teacher labels a pupil and makes predictions about them
2. teacher treats student accordingly and acts as if prediction is already true
3. pupil internalises the expectation and it becomes part of their image

Question 5

who told a school that certain pupils are about to become more academically successful based on a fake IQ test to see if self fulfilling prophecy is true

Answer 5

Rosenthal and Jacobson

Question 6

how can a self fulfilling prophecy damage a child’s achievement

Answer 6

if a teacher treats a child like they will misbehave and underachieve then this will happen to the child

Question 7

what is streaming

Answer 7

streaming involves separating children into different ability groups. this is an overall stream for all subjects

Question 8

why is streaming damaging

Answer 8

if you get put into a low stream you often live up to the expectation of underachieving

Question 9

who came up with the educational triage and what is it

Answer 9

gillborn and youdell

• those who will pass anyway and should be left alone
• those with potential for a c with a bit of help
• hopeless cases who are doomed to fail

Question 10

define differentiation

Answer 10

process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive they ability or behaviour to be.
streamed into the more able and less able

Question 11

define polarisation

Answer 11

pupils reacting to streaming and the students who are deemed different from them. they then strive to be everything the other group isn’t, the polar opposite.

Question 12

difference between pro school subculture and anti school subculture

Answer 12

pro school= top set middle class children who want academic success
anti school= low streams that tend to be working class.

Question 13

name the four responses to labelling and streaming

Answer 13

ingratiation= being the teachers pet
ritualism= going through the motions and staying out of trouble
retreatism = daydreaming and mucking about
rebellion= outright rejection of everything the school stands for

Question 14

what does habitus mean

Answer 14

your way of thinking, lifestyle, fashion and leisure
Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital comes into this because middle class habitus is seem as superior

Question 15

what does symbolic capital mean

Answer 15

cultural capital is status gained from having a ‘correct’ habitus

Question 16

what is symbolic violence

Answer 16

deeming someone's lifestyle or fashion as worthless because it doesn't meet expectations
for example working class children may be seen as tasteless for their accent  or appearance

Question 17

what did archer find wc students thought they had to do to become successful

Answer 17

change the way they talked and presented themselves

becoming posh