Social Class

Question 1

the ruling class, the educated class,
the royal class, and the privileged
class. It was from this class that the
Datu would come from.

Answer 1

The Maginoo

Question 2

were maginoo with personal
followings (dulohan or barangay).

Answer 2

The Datu

Question 3

His
responsibilities included

Answer 3

governing his
people, leading them in war, protecting
them from enemies, and settling
disputes.

Question 4

Usually, _________ datu
lived with their dulohan in a town
(bayan)

Answer 4

4 to 10

Question 5

comprised the ruling
class of the Tagalogs.

Answer 5

The Maginoo

Question 6

Ginoo was an
honorific for

Answer 6

both men and women

Question 7

sometimes shorted to poon
when addressing them directly) were
maginoo who had many slaves and
other valuable property like houses
and boats

Answer 7

Panginoon

Question 8

Lineage was emphasized
over wealth; the _______ was
derogatorily referred to as
maygintawo (the fellow with a lot of
riches)

Answer 8

nouveau riche

Question 9

maygintawo

Answer 9

(the fellow with a lot of
riches)
Members include those who
could claim noble lineage, members
of the Datu’s family.

Question 10

Spanish spelling of Timawa (Freemen)

Answer 10

Timaga

Question 11

were the feudal warrior class of the
ancient Visayan societies of
the Philippines

Answer 11

Timawa (Freemen)

Question 12

They were regarded
as higher than the_______ (commoners,
serfs, and slaves) but below
the ______ (royal nobility) in the
Visayan social hierarchy. They were
roughly similar to
the Tagalog maharlika caste

Answer 12

uripon, Tumao

Question 13

The term Timawa later lost its military and
nobility connotations and was demoted
to mean “_______” during the Spanish
conquest of the Philippines.

Answer 13

Freemen

Question 14

During
this, the word was also introduced to
the Tagalogs, who incorrectly used
the term to refer to
_________ (more correctly
the matitimawa or tinimawa in
Visayan) and commoners in general
(tuhay or mamahay in Visayan)

Answer 14

freed uripon

Question 15

meaning of timawa in
modern Visayan languages was reduced
to an adjective for

Answer 15

impoverished

Question 16

They were non-slaves who could attach
themselves to the Datu of their choice

Answer 16

Timawa

Question 17

Timawa’s
main responsibility to the Datu was

Answer 17

Agricultural labor

Question 18

(Timawa) Members included are

Answer 18

illegitimate
children of Maginoo and slaves and former
alipin (slaves) who paid off their debts

Question 19

Members of the Tagalog warrior class
known as _________ the same
rights and responsibilities as
the timawa, but in times of war they
were bound to serve their datu in
battle.

Answer 19

Maharlika

Question 20

“a man of wealth, knowledge
or ability”

Answer 20

maharddhika, ancient language of India called
Sanskrit

Question 21

In times of war, the Maharlika were
obligated to provide and prepare weapons
at their own expense and answer the
summons of the datu, wherever and whenever
that might be, in exchange for a share in
the war spoils

Answer 21

Ganima

Question 22

maharlikas were technically
less free than the timawas because

Answer 22

they
could not leave a datu’s service without
first hosting a large public feast and
paying the datu between 6 and 18 pesos in
gold – a large sum in those days

Question 23

alipin in Visayas

Answer 23

Oripun

Question 24

A better description
would be to call them debtors. They could be
born ______, inheriting their parents’
debt, and their obligations could be
transferred from one master to another.

Answer 24

Alipin

Question 25

or a house-holding alipin, could
hardly be called a slave at all. He
was more like what we call a serf in
English

Answer 25

Aliping namamahay

Question 26

was usually
an alipin who had received a piece of
land from his maginoo master

Answer 26

Aliping namamahay

Question 27

The people near the bottom of society
were known by the scornful
term

Answer 27

Alipin sa gigilid

Question 28

area behind and
below the house where the toilet was
located

Answer 28

Gilid

Question 29

The people who bore the greatest stigma in
society were the

Answer 29

alipins who were indebted
to other alipins

Question 30

A sa gigilid of
an aliping namamahay was called a

Answer 30

Bulisik, which means vile and contemptible

Question 31

a sa gigilid indebted to another sa gigilid, The vulgar name meant that
these alipins were so vulnerable that it was
like their genitals were exposed

Answer 31

Bulislis

Question 32

In modern
terms we might say they “had their pants
down,” though bulislis really means,

Answer 32

“lifted skirt”

Question 33

Women in pre-colonial
Philippine society had the
right to

Answer 33

inherit property,
engage in trade and industry,
and succeed to the
chieftainship of the barangay

Question 34

men were in general, monogamous; their wives were called asawa, while
concubines were called

Answer 34

Friends

Question 35

Courtship usually begins with

Answer 35

Paninilbihin

Question 36

If the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not immediately marry
the woman, but he must satisfy several conditions:

Answer 36

•give a dowry or bigay-kaya
•pay the panghihimuyat
•pay the wet nurse bigay-suso - •pay the parents himaraw
•bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the
Zambals)

Question 37

Once he had settled all the above requirements, he brings his parents to
meet with the bride-to-be’s parents to haggle and make the final
arrangements, this is called:

Answer 37

pamamalae or pamamanhikan or pamumulungan

Question 38

weddings are officiated by the

Answer 38

Priestess or babaylan

Question 39

thrown on the couple after the wedding ceremony

Answer 39

uncooked rice

Question 40

Mixed marriages were allowed

Answer 40

Pre colonial society

Question 41

The status of children was dependent upon the status of the

Answer 41

parents

Question 42

Single children of mixed marriage were

Answer 42

half free and half dependent

Question 43

Legitimate children inherited their parents’ property even without
any ___________ and was divided equally among the children

Answer 43

written will

Question 44

Natural children inherited only _________ of the inheritance of
legitimate children

Answer 44

a third

Question 45

The ___________ inherit the property of childless couples

Answer 45

nearest relatives

Question 46

In succession, the _______
of the barangay chieftain
inherits his father’s
position

Answer 46

first son

Question 47

if the first son
dies, the second son
succeeds the father; in the
absence of male heirs, it is
the ________ that
becomes the chieftain

Answer 47

eldest daughter