social change effect on policy developement Flashcards
AC4.2
what are values
general principles, beliefs or guidelines about how we should live our lives
->tell us what is right and wrong
what are norms
specific rules or socially accepted standards about how we are expected to behave in specific situations
what are mores/morals
basic, essential norms that society sees as vital for maintaining standards of decency and civilised behaviour
what year was the 1st law passed which made drink driving an offence (no limit)
1925
by what year did 15% of households have a car
(drink driving perceptions)
1951
by which year had this 15% of households having a car increase to 55%
1971
what year were mandatory seatbelts introduced
1966
what year was the Road Safety Act introduced with a blood alcohol limit of 80mg per 100ml of blood
1967
what year were breathalysers introduced for roadside
1968
what year was the high risk offender scheme introduced
1983
who is the high risk offender scheme for
convicted drivers with an alcohol problem
what happened in 1991 (public perception of drink driving
new offence of causing death by DUI was introduced with a compulsory prison sentence of 5 years
when was the new offence of causing death by DUI increased to 14 years imprisonment as punishment
2014
what led to the public perception of alcohol change
-changing perception: became a public concern
-tougher laws
-campaigns
tell me about campaigns which changed the public perception of drink driving
-1st advertising campaign against drink driving was created by the Gov. and as a result there was a fall in deaths
-2014, Gov. developed a survey “THINK!” which showed a huge change in people’s attitudes
->91% agreed drink driving was unacceptable
what are the 2 types of changes under social change
-demographic
-cultural
tell me about the demographic changes of immigration and racism
-during 1950s and 1960s non-white immigrants came from former British colonies in the Caribbean and more recently, Eastern Europe
->UK is now multi-ethnic
tell me about the Wind Rush Generation and the social change which affected policy development
-Discrimination: throughout 50s and 60s, discrimination was a huge issue in regard to housing, employment and services. In 1956, survey found 1.5% of whites would rent a room to a black tenant
-At that time, it was legal to discriminate on the ground of race which led to exploitation
tell me about the Race Relations Act
-as a result of widespread discrimination, this act was passed in 1965, banning racial discrimination in public places
-in 1968, the act was updated and outlawed discrimination within housing, employment and services
-Both acts were replaced in 1976 which strengthened the law by preventing both direct and indirect discrimination
-In 2010 the act was replaced with the Equality Act which combined laws on racial, sex, age and disability discrimination
what were the reasons for change regarding the Race Relations Act
-continuing discrimination: still continues today
-since the 1960s there has been a cultural change : decline in prejudice towards ethnic minorities
when was the Race Relations Act FIRST passed
1965
when was the Equality Act passed
2010
tell me about the cultural change of LGBT rights
-1533 BUGGARY ACT made sodomy punishable by death -> abolished in 1861 however an act of 1885 extended the laws to include any kind of sexual activity between men
-before 1960s: same sex activity was condemned as sinful + punishable by law
-DECRIMINALISATION: 1967 Act -> legal between men over 21
tell me about changing values and attitudes of LGBT Rights
-attitudes have changed -> 2/3 see nothing wrong with same sex relationships
-change in attitudes is also present in relation to 3 other cultural changes:
1.individualism: belief that people should live how they want to as long as they don’t harm others
2.equal rights
-secularisation: declining the influence of religion onto people’s lives
