social change effect on policy developement

Question 1

what are values

Answer 1

general principles, beliefs or guidelines about how we should live our lives
->tell us what is right and wrong

Question 2

what are norms

Answer 2

specific rules or socially accepted standards about how we are expected to behave in specific situations

Question 3

what are mores/morals

Answer 3

basic, essential norms that society sees as vital for maintaining standards of decency and civilised behaviour

Question 4

what year was the 1st law passed which made drink driving an offence (no limit)

Answer 4

1925

Question 5

by what year did 15% of households have a car
(drink driving perceptions)

Answer 5

1951

Question 6

by which year had this 15% of households having a car increase to 55%

Answer 6

1971

Question 7

what year were mandatory seatbelts introduced

Answer 7

1966

Question 8

what year was the Road Safety Act introduced with a blood alcohol limit of 80mg per 100ml of blood

Answer 8

1967

Question 9

what year were breathalysers introduced for roadside

Answer 9

1968

Question 10

what year was the high risk offender scheme introduced

Answer 10

1983

Question 11

who is the high risk offender scheme for

Answer 11

convicted drivers with an alcohol problem

Question 12

what happened in 1991 (public perception of drink driving

Answer 12

new offence of causing death by DUI was introduced with a compulsory prison sentence of 5 years

Question 13

when was the new offence of causing death by DUI increased to 14 years imprisonment as punishment

Answer 13

2014

Question 14

what led to the public perception of alcohol change

Answer 14

-changing perception: became a public concern
-tougher laws
-campaigns

Question 15

tell me about campaigns which changed the public perception of drink driving

Answer 15

-1st advertising campaign against drink driving was created by the Gov. and as a result there was a fall in deaths
-2014, Gov. developed a survey “THINK!” which showed a huge change in people’s attitudes
->91% agreed drink driving was unacceptable

Question 16

what are the 2 types of changes under social change

Answer 16

-demographic
-cultural

Question 17

tell me about the demographic changes of immigration and racism

Answer 17

-during 1950s and 1960s non-white immigrants came from former British colonies in the Caribbean and more recently, Eastern Europe
->UK is now multi-ethnic

Question 18

tell me about the Wind Rush Generation and the social change which affected policy development

Answer 18

-Discrimination: throughout 50s and 60s, discrimination was a huge issue in regard to housing, employment and services. In 1956, survey found 1.5% of whites would rent a room to a black tenant
-At that time, it was legal to discriminate on the ground of race which led to exploitation

Question 19

tell me about the Race Relations Act

Answer 19

-as a result of widespread discrimination, this act was passed in 1965, banning racial discrimination in public places
-in 1968, the act was updated and outlawed discrimination within housing, employment and services
-Both acts were replaced in 1976 which strengthened the law by preventing both direct and indirect discrimination
-In 2010 the act was replaced with the Equality Act which combined laws on racial, sex, age and disability discrimination

Question 20

what were the reasons for change regarding the Race Relations Act

Answer 20

-continuing discrimination: still continues today
-since the 1960s there has been a cultural change : decline in prejudice towards ethnic minorities

Question 21

when was the Race Relations Act FIRST passed

Answer 21

1965

Question 22

when was the Equality Act passed

Answer 22

2010

Question 23

tell me about the cultural change of LGBT rights

Answer 23

-1533 BUGGARY ACT made sodomy punishable by death -> abolished in 1861 however an act of 1885 extended the laws to include any kind of sexual activity between men
-before 1960s: same sex activity was condemned as sinful + punishable by law
-DECRIMINALISATION: 1967 Act -> legal between men over 21

Question 24

tell me about changing values and attitudes of LGBT Rights

Answer 24

-attitudes have changed -> 2/3 see nothing wrong with same sex relationships
-change in attitudes is also present in relation to 3 other cultural changes:
1.individualism: belief that people should live how they want to as long as they don’t harm others
2.equal rights
-secularisation: declining the influence of religion onto people’s lives

Question 25

tell me about the changes of transgender rights

Answer 25

-was widely seen as a medical condition but attitudes have changed
-in 2004 Gender Recognition Act enabled people to change their legal gender
->this act requires them to present evidence to a panel and must have trasnitioned for 2 years
-2018 changes proposed individuals could self-declare without going to a panel

Question 26

tell me about continuing discrimination (LGBT)

Answer 26

1 in 5 gay people and 2 in 5 trans people experience hate crime because of their sexuality each year