Social Change Flashcards
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people between countries or regions
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the movement of people from the countryside to live in cities
Types of demographic change?
- Ageing society
- Vertical family
- Baby boom
- Untraditional families
- Changing ethnic profile
- Squeezed middle generation
- Multispeed demography
What is ethical behaviour?
Ethical behaviour is that which is regarded as being morally correct, such as using sustainable sources of supply for resources used in production
What changes in consumer lifestyle and buying behaviour has there been?
- increased impact of technology on lifestyles and buying behaviour
- health and well-being
- consumer confidence
What are the implications and benefits of the growth of online businesses?
- High street stores close
- Less employees
- Less people going out
- lower costs
- marketing
- quick and cheap start up
What is corporate social responsibility?
CSR is a business philosophy that emphasises that firms should behave as good citizens.
Not merely operate within the law, but should consider effects of activities on society as a whole, attempting to fulfil the duties it has towards its stakeholders
What is a pressure group?
A pressure group is a group of people with common interests who organise to influence public opinion and the decisions of businesses and governments
What interests may shareholders have?
- Regular dividends
- Rising share prices
- Preferential treatment as customers
What interests may employees have?
- Steady and regular income
- Healthy and safe working conditions
- Job security
- Promotion and higher incomes
What interests may customers have?
- Certain and reliable supply of goods
- Stable prices
- Safe products
- After-sales service and technical support
What interests may suppliers have?
- Frequent and regular orders
- A sole supplier agreement
- Fair prices
What interests may creditors have?
- Repayment of money owed at agreed date
- High returns on investments
- Minimal risk of failure to repay money owed
What interests may the local community have?
- Steady employment
- Minimal pollution and noise
- Provision of facilities
What is Carroll’s pyramid?
Sets out a hierarchy of four types of responsibility that a business should meet to be socially responsible, first has to be met to then move on:
Economic responsibilities
- be profitable, without this survival is not possible and unable to fulfil other responsibilities
Legal responsibilities
- obey the law, code of right and wrong
Ethical responsibilities
- be ethical, do what is right and fair
Philantropic responsibilities
- be a good corporate citizen
What is the shareholder concept?
Management teams should only aim to meet their responsibilities to shareholders, best done by maximising profits.
What is the stakeholder conept?
Management teams operate with the expectation that the business will take into account the obligations it may have to society in general.
What are corporate social reports?
Corporate social reports are documents setting out a business’s targets for meeting its social obligations and the extent to which previous social targets have been achieved.
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing involves the centralised storage of data in remote servers and online access by users worldwide on internet-connected devices
What is computer-aided design (CAD)?
CAD is a combination of hardware and software that allows businesses to create, modify and adapt plans for new products
What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?
CAM is the use of machines controlled by computers as part of a production process
What is data analytics?
Data analytics is the process of investigating raw data with the intention of drawing conclusions from the information
What does Porter’s five forces used for?
Porter’s five forces of competitive position model provides a simple framework for assessing and analysing the competitive strength and position of a corporation or business.
What are Porter’s five forces?
Power of suppliers
Power of buyers
Threat of substitutes
Threat of new entrants
Competitive rivalry
What is sensitivity analysis?
Sensitivity analysis is a technique that uses variations in forecasts to allow for a range of outcomes
