Social Change

Question 1

What were the two types of poor?

Answer 1

• ‘Deserving poor’

- ‘Welfare scroungers’

Question 2

How did the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act alter the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)? (2)

Answer 2

• Fewer people were eligible

- Payments were capped

Question 3

What did Reagan want to change ‘welfare’ into?

Answer 3

‘workfare’

Question 4

What did ‘Workfare’ mean?

Answer 4

A welfare system which requires some work or attendance for training from those receiving benefits (for example by requiring at least one working parent before it paid out family benefit)

Question 5

What was wrong with the ‘Workfare’ work? (2)

Answer 5

• Work provided was paid below minimum wage, sometimes lower than the benefit
• Childcare was impossible to find

Question 6

How many states had running work programmes by January 1987?

Answer 6

42

Question 7

In 1970, how many low-income homes were available?

Answer 7

2.4 million

Question 8

By 1985, how many families who qualified for a low-income home?

Answer 8

3.7 million

Question 9

Why was there a shortage of low-income homes?

Answer 9

Reagan administration slashed federal funding for low income housing

Question 10

What was the spending on low-cost housing projects in 1978?

Answer 10

$32.2 billion

Question 11

What was spending on low-cost housing projects in 1988?

Answer 11

$9.2 billion

Question 12

What was the federal funding available to the homeless in 1984?

Answer 12

$300 million

Question 13

What was the federal funding available to the homeless in 1988?

Answer 13

$1.6 billion

Question 14

What did the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) do?

Answer 14

• FEMA matched state grants to local homeless projects half-and-half and put funding in place (taxes, charities etc)
• Gave emergency medical care to the homeless

Question 15

Between 1980 and 1987, what did the average mortgage debt increase by?

Answer 15

30%

Question 16

What did the rate of foreclosure increase by?

Answer 16

Quadrupled

Question 17

How long leisure time did a week was there on average in 1973?

Answer 17

26 hours a week

Question 18

How long leisure time did a week was there on average in 1987?

Answer 18

16 hours a week

Question 19

What was the two-wage tier structure?

Answer 19

• Established workers kept their wage rates and benefits that were negotiated when they took the job
• New workers were offered a lower salary and worse wages offered on a take-it-or-leave-it basis

Question 20

In the first 6 months of Reagans presidency how many racial division lawsuits did the Civil Rights division of the Justice Department?

Answer 20

5 racial division lawsuits

Question 21

In the first 6 months of Nixon’s presidency how many racial division lawsuits did the Civil Rights division of the Justice Department?

Answer 21

24 racial division lawsuits

Question 22

What did Reagan do that hurt minority rights according to “The Crisis”, the magazine of NAACP?

Answer 22

• Abandonment of busing students

- Administration withdrew 40% of its funding for bilingual education

Question 23

Who did Reagan appoint to the Supreme Court?

Answer 23

Sandra Day

Question 24

How many small businesses were set up between 81-82?

Answer 24

500,000

Question 25

How was farming badly affected? (3)

Answer 25

• high interest rates and non federal intervention
• 500 farms sold each month
• committed suicide 4 times the rate of any other worker

Question 26

When was the National Save the Family Farm Coalition set up?

Answer 26

1986

Question 27

What did the National Save the Family Farm Coalition do?

Answer 27

It organised demonstrations to highlight the plight of small family farms

Question 28

Where was the population shift during the bi-coastal boom?

Answer 28

North and east to the south and west