Social Beliefs and Judgments Flashcards
Chapter 3
The intuitive, automatic,
unconscious, and fast way
of thinking.
System 1
The deliberate, controlled,
conscious, and slower way
of thinking.
System 2
Activating particular
associations in memory.
priming
The mutual influence of bodily
sensations on cognitive
preferences and social
judgments.
embodied cognition
“Explicit” thinking that is
deliberate, reflective, and
conscious. Also known as
System 2.
controlled processing
The tendency to be more
confident than correct—to
overestimate the accuracy of
one’s beliefs.
overconfidence
phenomenon
A tendency to search for
information that confirms one’s
preconceptions.
confirmation bias
“Implicit” thinking that is
effortless, habitual, and without
awareness; roughly corresponds
to “intuition.” Also known as
System 1.
automatic processing
A thinking strategy that enables
quick, efficient judgments.
heuristic
The tendency to presume,
sometimes despite contrary
odds, that someone or
something belongs to a
particular group if resembling
(representing) a typical member.
representativeness
heuristic
A cognitive rule that judges the
likelihood of things in terms of
their availability in memory. If
instances of something come
readily to mind, we presume it
to be commonplace.
availability heuristic
Imagining alternative scenarios
and outcomes that might have
happened, but didn’t.
counterfactual thinking
Perception of a relationship
where none exists, or
perception of a stronger
relationship than actually exists.
illusory correlation
The statistical tendency for
extreme scores or extreme
behavior to return toward one’s
average.
regression toward the
average
Persistence of one’s initial
conceptions, such as when the
basis for one’s belief is
discredited but an explanation
of why the belief might be true
survives.
belief perseverance
