Helping Flashcards
Chapter 12
A motive to increase another’s
welfare without conscious
regard for one’s self-interests.
altruism
The theory that human
interactions are transactions that
aim to maximize one’s rewards
and minimize one’s costs.
social-exchange theory
A self-serving motive
(supposedly underlying all
behavior) to increase one’s own
welfare. The opposite of
altruism, which aims to increase
another’s welfare.
egoism
An expectation that people will
help, not hurt, those who have
helped them.
reciprocity norm
The mutual support and
cooperation enabled by a
social network.
social capital
An expectation that people will
help those needing help.
social-responsibility
norm
The idea that evolution has
selected altruism toward one’s
close relatives to enhance the
survival of mutually shared
genes.
kin selection
The vicarious experience of
another’s feelings; putting
oneself in another’s shoes.
empathy
The finding that a person is less
likely to provide help when
there are other bystanders.
bystander effect
The perception of certain
individuals or groups as outside
the boundary within which one
applies moral values and rules
of fairness. Moral inclusion is
regarding others as within one’s
circle of moral concern.
moral exclusion
The result of bribing people to
do what they already like doing;
they may then see their actions
as externally controlled rather
than intrinsically appealing.
overjustification effect
