Social Behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Many animals live in social groups and have behaviours that are adapted to group living, such as?

A

Social hierarchy
Cooperative hunting
Social defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define social hierarchy

A

A rank order within a group of animals consisting of a dominant and subordinate members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain how social hierarchies work

A

Dominant individuals carry out ritualistic (threat) displays
Subordinate animals carry out appeasement behaviour to reduce conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the effects of social hierarchies

A

Increase the chances of the dominant animals favourable genes being passed on to offspring.
Animals often form alliances in social hierarchies to increase their social status within the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the benefits of cooperative hunting

A

Benefit both subordinate and dominant as the subordinate animal may gain more food than by foraging alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the advantages of cooperative hunting

A

Less energy is used per individual
Enables larger prey to be caught
Increases chance of success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do social defence strategies increase the chance of survival?

A

Some individuals can watch for predators

whilst others can forage for food and groups adopt specialised formations when under attack protecting their young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Good sharing will occur as long as…

A

The reward for sharing exceeds that for foraging individually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Altruistic behaviour

A

Harms the donor individual but benefits the recipient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reciprocal altruism

A

The roles of donor and recipient later reverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a simple model of altruism

A

Prisoners dilemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kin selection

A

Behaviour that appears to be altruistic can be common between a donor and a recipient if they are related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Benefit to donor in kin selection

A

Increased chance of survival of shared genes in the recipients offspring or future offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the evolution of societies of insects

A
Bees
Wasps
Ants
Termites
Only some individuals contribute reproductively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

I’m insect societies what individuals contribute reproductively

A

Queens and drones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do sterile workers in the colony do?

A

Most members of the colony are sterile workers who cooperate with close relatives to raise relatives

17
Q

Give examples of other workers’ roles

A

Defending the hive
Collecting pollen
Carrying out waggle dances to show the direction of food

18
Q

Why is it that sterile workers raise relatives?

A

Increase survival of shared genes

19
Q

In primates, what allows for complex social behaviour?

A

A long period of parental care allows learning of complex social behaviour

20
Q

Describe complex behaviours that support social structures

A

Grooming
Facial expressions
Body posture
Sexual presentation

21
Q

How do social behaviours reduce conflict?

A

Through ritualistic display and appeasement behaviour

22
Q

Why are alliances formed between individuals?

A

To increase social status within the group