Crop Protection Flashcards
What do weeds compete with? What do pests and diseases do? What does this cause?
Crop plants, whilst diseases and pests damage them, this all reduces productivity
Name properties of annual weeds
Rapid growth
Short life cycle
High seed output
Long-term seed viability
Name properties of perennial weeds
Already established in habitat
Competitive adaptations:
Storage organs provide food in unfavourable conditions
Reproduce vegetatively
Most of the pests of crop plants are?
Invertebrate animals such as insects, nematode worms and molluscs
What else can plant diseases be caused by?
Fungi, bacteria or viruses, which are carried by invertebrates
Describe the control of weeds, pests and diseases
Farming methods (cultural means) such as ploughing, weeding and crop rotation
Describe the use of herbicides
To kill weeds
Describe the use of fungicides
To control fungal diseases
Describe the use of insecticides
To kill insect pests
Describe the use of molluscicides
To kill pests
Describe the use of nematocides
To kill nematode pests
Explain selective herbicides effect on certain species
Selective herbicides have a greater effect on certain species- broad leaved weeds
Explain how systemic herbicides work
Spread through vascular systems of plants and prevents regrowth
Systemic insecurities, molluscicides and nematocides work by?
Spreading through the vascular system of plants and kill pests feeding on plants
Protective applications of fungicide based on disease forecasts are often more effective than?
Treating a diseased crop
Describe problems with plant protection chemicals(pesticides)
Toxicity to animal species
Persistence in the environment
Bio accumulation or biomagnification in food chains, producing resistant populations
Describe bioaccumulation
The build-up of a chemical in an organism
Describe biomagnification
An increase in the concentration of a chemical moving between trophies levels
Describe biological control
The use of a control agent, such as a natural predator, parasite or pathogen of the pest
Define integrated pest management
Combining chemical, biological and cultural control
Explain the risks of biological control
The control organism may become an invasive species, parasite, prey or be a pathogen of other species
