SOCIAL AREA STUDY'S Flashcards
Participants (Milgram)
40 males, aged 20-50, from New Haven
How were participants obtained? (Milgram)
Newspaper advertisement (volunteer sampling)
Where was the study conducted? (Milgram)
Yale University
Lesson Task (Milgram)
word pair task. the learner was to indicate which four terms had been paired with the first word.
Shock Generator (Milgram)
Voltage range of 15v to 450v (Slight Shock - XXX)
Sample Shock (Milgram)
45v to the ‘teacher’ (Participant)
Victim Feedback (Milgram)
after 315-volt shock they would not kick the wall or give any answers
Experimenter feedback (Milgram)
Prod 1: ‘Please go on’
Prod 2: ‘The experiment requires that you continue’
Prod 3: ‘It is absolutely essential that you continue’
Prod 4: ‘You have no other choice, you must go on’
Dependent Measure (Milgram)
Participant who broke off at any point were deemed ‘defiant’ participant.
Anyone who complied and administered full shocks were deemed ‘obedient’
Results (Milgram)
26 continued administering shocks up until the 450- volt maximum (65%)
Links to debates (Milgram)
Individual/Situational
Freewill/Determinism
Usefulness
Aim (Piliavin et al)
Investigate the impact of helping behaviour of a number of variables:
Type of victim (drunk/ill)
Race of victim
Model helping behaviour
Number of witnesses
Where was the study done? (Piliavin)
New York 8th avenue Independent subway between 11am-3pm (15th April - 26 June 1968)
Who was the victim? (Piliavin)
All students playing the role were male, identically dress in Eisenhower jackets, old trousers and no tie, aged 26-35, 3 white and one was black.
Drunk condition(Piliavin)
38 trials, victims smelled of alcohol and carried a liquor bottle wrapped in a brown bag
Cane condition (Piliavin)
65 trials, appeared sober and carried a black cane
Model (Piliavin)
Always a white male, ahed 24-29 and wore informal clothes
Areas on train (Piliavin)
Critical Area, same carriage as victim, model assisted victim 70(early) or 150(late) seconds after he collapsed
Adjacent Area, next carraige, early or late.
Observers (Piliavin)
Other two team members were female observers:
One noted race, sex, and location of passengers in critical area, and number of people on the carriage and how many went to help
The other noted the race, sex and location of every passenger in the adjacent area, as well as the length of time it took the first helper to arrive (after model started helping on trials where model intervened)
Participants (Piliavin)
4,450 (103 trials)
Results (Piliavin)
62/65 of cane victim trials
19/38 of drunk victim trials
90% were male
Aim (Levine)
- To see if the tendency of people within a city offer non-emergency help to strangers was stable across different situations
- To see if helping str
