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NCE Prep > Social and Cultural Foundations > Flashcards

Social and Cultural Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

What is conformity?

A

Public or private acceptances of behavior, attitudes, or beliefs of others.

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2
Q

Factors that affect willingness to conform

A

Fear of defiance, group unanimity, group size, cohesiveness, andexpertise

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3
Q

What increases conformity?

A
  • low self-esteem, low Iq, increased need for affiliation, increased need for approval, and authoritarianism
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4
Q

Name 3 methods to increase compliance

A

1 foot-in-the-door technique = make a small request than ask for larger ones

  1. Door in the face technique = make a large request and settle for smaller one
  2. Obedience = person submits to request or demand of authority
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5
Q

What is coercive power?

A

Someone else has control of punishments

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6
Q

What is reward power

A

Someone else has control of rewards

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7
Q

What is expert power?

A

Person has superior ability or knowledge

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8
Q

What is the frustration - aggression hypothesis?

A

When a person is blocked from achieving a goal. Aggression is used to remove the block

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9
Q

What is instrumental learning? (Theory of aggression)

A

Aggression is learned through reinforcement, punishment, modeling, and imitation

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10
Q

What is observational learning? (Theory of aggression)

A

Aggressive behavior is learned through watching aggressive behavior

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11
Q

What are some factors that lead to aggression?

A

Anonymity, large amounts of drugs or alcohol, explicit or violent erotica, role expectations, environmental conditions

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12
Q

What is bystander apathy?

A

1964 case of Kitty Genoese - People are less likely to intervene if others are around

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13
Q

What is multicultural counseling/ cross-cultural counseling/ intercultural counseling?

A

Counseling a client from a different social or cultural background.

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14
Q

What are 5 counseling processes that.can create problems in multicultural counseling?

A

Stereotyping, resistance, transference, countertransference, and client expectations

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15
Q

What is stage 1 of the Atkinson, Morten and sue racial-cultural development model?

A

Conformity- positive attitude towards and preferences for values of dominant culture

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16
Q

What is stage 2 of Atkinson, Morten, and sue racial cultural development model?

A

Dissonance- confusion and conflict over contradictory appreciating and deprecating attitudes actively questions values of dominant group

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17
Q

What is stage 3 of the RCDM

A

Resistance and immersion- actively reject the dominant society and like their own group.

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18
Q

What is stage 4 of the RCDM?

A

Introspection- begin to question rigid View of the dominant group

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19
Q

What is stage 5 of the RCDM?

A

Synergistic articulation and awareness- comfortable with themselves and can be open to objectively evaluate values of others

20
Q

What is stage 1 of the resettlement model?

A

New arrival stage- remain highly involved in country of origin

21
Q

What is stage 2 of the resettlement model?

A

Destabilization- acquire survival skills, develop support systems, acculturate

22
Q

What is stage 3 of the resettlement model?

A

Exploration and destabilization stage- more flexible in learning about the new culture

23
Q

What is stage 4 of the resettlement model?

A

Return to normal life stage- form positive identity but may experience delayed grief reaction and family conflict.

24
Q

In the U.S., what does each socioeconomic group represent?

A

A separate culture

25
Q

Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?

A

Eric Berne

26
Q

How did the aca contribute to the growth of cross-cultural counseling?

A

The 1972 formation of the association for non-white concerns in personnel and guidance, later know as the Association for multicultural counseling and development

27
Q

What is Daniel levinson’s controversial theory?

A

Theorizing a midlife crisis stage that occurs 5 years earlier for women than men

28
Q

What are 3 factors which enhance interpersonal attraction?

A

Close proximity, physical attraction, and similar beliefs

29
Q

What is contextualism?

A

Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs

30
Q

What is balance theory?

A

A more from cognitive inconsistency to consistency to achieve a balanced cognitive state

31
Q

True or false: A counselor who is seeing a clientfrom a different culture would most likely expect more social conformity than one would from a client of the same culture.

A

False- expect less social conformity

32
Q

What does cognitive dissonance theory predict?

A

People will look for things which are consistent with their behavior

33
Q

When would be a good time to use an active-directive model?

A

When the client responds well to authority figures

34
Q

What is therapeutic surrender?

A

Occurs when a client is able to trust the counselor and self-disclose

35
Q

When is structuring most effective in cross-cultural counseling?

A

When the nature and structure of the counseling situation is described during the initial session

36
Q

What is connotation?

A

When the emotional context of a word is different from the true definition

37
Q

What was a prime factor in the history of multicultural counseling?

A

Brown vs. Board of education

38
Q

What does “emic” mean?

A

An insider’s perception of the culture, emphasizes that each client is an individual with individual differences

39
Q

What helped popularize the multicultural counseling movement?

A

The civil rights movement

40
Q

Who is associated with frustration -aggression theory?

A

John Dollard and Neal Miller

41
Q

Who created cognitive dissonance theory?

A

Festinger

42
Q

Who was the first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues?

A

Parsons

43
Q

True or false: early localization in infants is nearly identical in all cultures around the globe.

A

True

44
Q

what does it mean to have an auto plastic viewpoint?

A

Change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors

45
Q

What is an alloplastic viewpoint?

A

Client can cope by changing external factors in the environment.

46
Q

What is “personalism”?

A

All people must adjust to environmental and geological demands

47
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

When one performs better in a group

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