social and cultural factors shaped the characteristics of sport and pastimes in pre-industrial Britain

Question 1

upper class characteristics

Answer 1

landowners, wealthy, privileged, educated

Question 2

lower class characteristics

Answer 2

determined by birth, worked on land, low status, uneducated, poor

Question 3

sports for upper class

Answer 3

real tennis, fox hunting = sophisticated, complex rules

Question 4

sports for lower class

Answer 4

mob football, bare knuckle fighting, cock fighting = often violent, few rules, often only on festive or holiday days

Question 5

sports for both classes

Answer 5

pedestrianism- lower class the competitors 
upper class were patrons or sponsors 
links to footman

Question 6

sports for both classes cricket

Answer 6

accelerated into a majority sport by gambling
upper class known as amateurs who played for fun to boost chances of winning they payed the lower class to play who were known as the professionals e.g Hambledon cricket club a very famous club of the time paid ‘players’ match fees as early as 1770.

Question 7

gender

Answer 7

women - weaker sex, not take part in anything dangerous

upper class women- take part in civilised and gentle sport archery

lower class women- smock racing with a smock as a prize

Question 8

law and order

Answer 8

lawlessness
upper class more educated, afford to be civilised e.g real tennis 
lower class sports- violent, brutal, lack of order reflected

Question 9

education

Answer 9

upper class complex rules, sophisticated --real tennis
lower class illiterate, uneducated, few/ no rules -- mob football

Question 10

availability of time

Answer 10

upper class- plenty of leisure time

lower class- only play on festive days e.g mob football played annually on shrove Tuesday

Question 11

availability of money

Answer 11

upper class- rich afford equipment, facilities, horses for transport, owned land – fox hunting
lower class- no disposable income, played on existing space, rags to riches

Question 12

type availability or transport

Answer 12

upper class– opportunities to travel to facilities/ events meant rules were generalised
lower class- only could walk, unwritten rules so were unique to the village