Social and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

America has been called the most diverse coutnry on the face of our planet. Counseling a client from a different social and/or cultural background is known as:

A. cross cultural counseling
B. multicultural counseling
C. intercultural counseling
D. all the above

Answer 1

D. all the above

note– Note: some exams may term “cultural pluralism” suggesting minority cultural group keeps their own cultural values but will still participate in the wider or dominant culture

Question 2

Culture refers to:

A. customs shared by a group which distinguish it from other groups
B. values shared by a group that are learned from others in the group.
C. attitudes, beliefs, art, and language which characterize members of a group often passed from generation to generation
D. all the above

Answer 2

D. all the above

Note: some exams have macroculture or majority culture to describe the dominant culture

Question 3

Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This means the client

A is culturally biased
B suffers from the diagnosis of cultural relativity
C belongs to a different culture from the helper
D. presents problems which deal only with culturally charged issues

Answer 3

C belongs to a different culture from the helper

Note: Cultural relativism means behavior can not be assessed as good or bad except within the context if a given culture… it is relative to the culture. A counselor should transcend the “culture bound values” barrier the counselor is bound to his/her own values and tries to impose them on clients.

Question 4

In order to diagnoise clients from a different culture:

A. the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture
B. the counselor will find the DSM useless
C. the counselor should rely heavily on cultural epoch theory
D. NBCC ethics prohibit the use of the DSM disagnosis

Answer 4

A. the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture.

Note: Material culture aka artifacts versus nonmaterial culture [customs, values etc].
Cultural awarness versus cultural tunnel vision.

Cultural epoch theory- all cultures pass through same stages of development in terms of evolving and maturing. Recently experts state that this is not a valid notion!

Question 5

In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents
A. a separate race
B. a separate culture
C. the concept of color blindness
D. a separate national culture

Answer 5

B. a separate culture

Note: a counter culture is when a group opposes the values of the culture present.

Question 6

Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?
A. Freud
B. Durkheim
C. McDougall
D. Berne

Answer 6

D. Berne

because he was more research/mathy versus the others who are more social psych steered.

Notes –
Berene is the father of transactional analysis.
Durkheim is one of the founders of sociology and well known for his research on suicide.
McDougall; known for viewpoint that suggested that individuals in or out of groups are driven by innate, inherited tendencies, lost ground to the behaviorists movement.

Question 7

___ and ___ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight.

A. Maslow; Rogers
B. Ellis; Harper
C. Freud; Lorenz
D. Glasser; Rogers

Answer 7

C. Freud; Lorenz

Notes – Freud belived in the ID, sex and aggression. Lorenz belived in the innate aggression theory, studied behavior of fish.
Note that McDougall also belived in “instinct theory.”