Human Development Flashcards
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
A. Erik Erikson; B. Milton Erikson; C. A A Bill; D. Jean Piaget
A. Erik Erikson
Note: Freud’s theory ends in genital stage, which begins at age 12 and said to continue throughout lifespan. However, many scholars don’t belive it covers the lifespan. Erikson, who is also a psychoanalysist, created a theory with 8 stages, with the final stage starting at age 60.
Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are:
A Psychometric; B. Psychodiagnoistic; C. Psychoparmacol; D. Psychosocial
Psychosocial
Freud’s stages: oral, phallic, latency, genital
Erikson stages: trust vs. mistrust or integrity vs. despair – Focus is on social relationships
In freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists:
A: Emphasize ID processes
B: Refute the concept of the superego
C. Belive in man’s power of reasoning to control behavior
D. Are sometimes known as radical behaviorists
C. Belive in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior
Notes:
Psychodynamic theories focus on unconsious processes rather than cognitive factors.
Freud emphasized importance of ID, Erikson stressed ego functions. The ego is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in check.
Option D: Bheaviorists think that if it can’t be measured then it doesn’t exist. Behaviorists don’t belive in ID Ego and Superego, therefore this answer is wrong.
The statement “the ego is dependant on the id” would most likely reflect the work of:
A. Erikson
B. Freud, who created psychodynamic
C. Jay Haley
D Arnold Lazarus, Perry. and Kegan
B. Freud
Notes:
Erikson, control/Ego
Freud, pleasure/Id
Haley, known for strageic and problem solving therapy.
Lazarus, pionner in behavior therapy and multimodel therapy. Perry and Kegan, adult cognitive dev.
Who was Robert Perry?
Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive developement, especailly college students.
Stresses DUALISTIC THINKING.
What is dualistic thinking according to Robert Perry?
Common in teens in where things are seen as good or bad, right or wrong. Black and white thinking.
What is relativistic thinking?
Seen in adulthood, thinking with more ability to perceive that not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relative to a specific situation. More than one way to view the world.
Who was Robert Keagon?
known figure in adult cognitive development. His model stresses interpersonal development.
Note: “Constructive model of development, aka the individuals construct reality through the life span.”
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with 4 stages. The correct order from 1 to 4 is:
Sensorimotor, preoperations, Concrete operations, and Formal operations
What is the difference between Idiographic and nomotheic approach?
Idiographic is focused on the individual in depth [theories such as freud and piaget].
Nomotheic is focused more on groups of people, like behaviorists or the DSM, groups studied to create general princables.
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
A. he utilised the t test too frequently
B. he failed to check for Types I or alpha errors
C. he worked primarily with minority children
D. his findings were often derived from observing his own children
D. his findings were often derived from observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered:
A. symbolic schema
B. conservation
C. androgynous psychosocial issues
D. trust vs. mistrust
B. conservation
Refers to the notion that a substance weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if the shape changes. Paiget states that a child masters conservation and concept of reversibility during the concrete operations stage [ages 7-11].
Remember: CONCRETE and CONSERVATION. Letter C.
