Social And Cultural Change

Question 1

The expansion of the mass media
Effectiveness of Televisions

Answer 1

Televisions became available everywhere, which started to create a uniformity of culture, and ended in the isolation of distant communities. By 1961 75% of the population had a TV.

Question 2

The expansion of the mass media
Hugh green and bbc

Answer 2

Hugh Greene became the director, general of the BBC. Money was diverted from radio to television guidelines on nudity and swearing were revised and more popular programs were commissioned.

Question 3

The expansion of mass media
Advertisement

Answer 3

The launch of ITV in 1955, allowed advertising advertises could get straight into the family sitting room and tempt customers with attractive models that reinforced the brand names of goods.

Question 4

The expansion of the mass media
Radios

Answer 4

Radio survived by the development of the cheap and portable transistor and a spread of car Radios. These having a long life battery and earphones meant that radios could be taken out or listen to privacy in bedrooms.

Question 5

The expansion of the mass media
Teenagers and young people

Answer 5

Teenagers no longer had to listen to what their parents wanted to hear, and personal radios meant that programs could be targeted at different audiences.

Question 6

The expansion of the mass media
Print media

Answer 6

Some predicted that TVs with mark the end of print media, but newspapers and magazines survived changed and grew stronger. (The Sun newspaper was launched in 1964 and replace the serious working class new newspaper daily herald.)

Question 7

Growth in leisure activities
Leisure time

Answer 7

By the 1960s leisure time expanded as fewer people were expected to work on Saturday mornings and weekends could be given over to leisure activities.

Question 8

The growth in leisure activities
Television and leisure time

Answer 8

Home remain the centre of many leisure activities and this was extended by TV by 1969, tv accounted for 23% of leisure time .

Question 9

Growth in leisure activities
Hobbies

Answer 9

DIY and gardening became popular hobbies. cooking, needlework and knitting still had a place in the 1960s home and were encouraged with ease, knitting could be combined with TV viewing.

Question 10

The growth in leisure activities
Transport

Answer 10

Car ownership accelerated in the 1960s passenger bus coach and train travel decline. The use of cars grew to account for 77% of journeys by 1974. Technological improvements meant that cars were more affordable.

Question 11

The growth in leisure activities
Types of leisure activities and facilities

Answer 11

Shopping centres,golf and sailing became a leisure activity as mass production grew, fuelled by advertising. Leisure had become a profitable business and leisure travel turned into mass tourism.

Question 12

The growth in leisure activities
Holidays

Answer 12

The number of holidays increased, Britannia Airways was founded in 1964 to serve holiday makers, wishing to fly to Spain and the Canary Islands. However, the cost of air travel meant that holidays abroad were still largely the preserve of middle-class.

Question 13

Impact of scientific development
Space development

Answer 13

In 1961, the first person I’ve gone into space and by 1969, the United States had landed on the moon.

Question 14

The impact of scientific developments
Angelo French partnership

Answer 14

The Angelo French partnership, continue to develop the supersonic Concorde aircraft.

Question 15

Impacts of scientific developments
The post office tower

Answer 15

Became the tallest building in Britain and opened in 1965, to improve telecommunications.

Question 16

Impact of scientific developments
Contraceptive pill

Answer 16

Decreased the amount of illegal abortion procedures. Women could now control fertility.

Question 17

Types of scientific developments

Answer 17

Media (tv and radio)
Travel (cars and planes)
Fashion
Contraceptive pill
Household appliances ( fridge)

Question 18

Reduction of censorship
Play writing

Answer 18

Play right began experimenting with new styles of plays, often addressing social issues that led to clashes with the office of the Lord Chamberlain. New place had to gain a license from the office before they were allowed to be performed.

Question 19

Reduction of censorship
Theatre banning

Answer 19

The owners could be prosecuted if play did not have approval. The Royal Court Theatre was at the centre of innovation. After Edward Barnes controversial play was banned in 1967 back bencher mp introduced a bill to banish theatrical censorship.

Question 20

Reduction and censorship
The removal of the theatrical censorship

Answer 20

Permitted nudity on stage, and the new act was celebrated when 13 members of the cast of “hair” in an American musical stood up and face the audience naked for 30 seconds in 1968.

Question 21

Reduction of censorship
Films and censorship

Answer 21

Films remained subject to strict categorisation. Find the 1960s, there was a gradual boardening of what was considered acceptable and films began more daring. By the end of the decade, screen, violence and sex had become more acceptable.

Question 22

Progress towards female equality
Role of women during the 50s and 60s

Answer 22

The duty of woman was to be a good wife and mother, keeping a clean home and feeding children and husband. Remain strong among the working classes.

Question 23

Progress towards female equality
Second wave feminism

Answer 23

Started in the US when Betty Friedan in the “feminine Mystique” published in 1963, argued that women were unfulfilled with restricted lives.

Question 24

Progress towards female equality
Education for women

Answer 24

the growth in female education contributed to growing fustration. women accounted for only 28% of students in higher education in 1970. Goes education, still curried a domestic slant and girls frequently left School at the minimum age.

Question 25

Progress towards female equality
Females and jobs

Answer 25

There was no shortage of jobs for women as employees paid them less than men.. many jobs were in the clerical and service sector with no prospects and poor pay. Working mothers were seen as selfish and childminders were rare.

Question 26

Progress towards female equality
The National Health Service family planning act of 1967

Answer 26

Allowed local authorities to provide contraceptives and contraceptive advice for the first time. However, changing attitudes meant that the number of illegitimate births rose from 5.8% to 8.2% in 1970.

Question 27

Progress towards female equality
Women Lib groups

Answer 27

A number of “women lib” groups, springing up around the UK to campaign for social and economic equality for women.

Question 28

Progress towards female equality
National women’s liberation conference in 1970

Answer 28

There were four demands put forward
Equal pay
Free, contraception and abortion
Equal education and job opportunities
Free 24 hour childcare

Question 29

Progress towards female equality
1970 matrimonial property act

Answer 29

Established the work of a wife, whether in paid employment or in the home should be taken into account in divorce settlements.

Question 30

Progress of female equality
Equal pay act 1970

Answer 30

Establish the principle of equal pay for equal work, although it did not come into force for a further five years.

Question 31

Changes in immoral attitudes and a “permissive society”
Philip Larkin poem

Answer 31

The poem links to the 1960s to the birth of the permissive society. This refers to a time of general sexual liberation with changes in public and private morals and new openness.

Question 32

Changes in moral attitudes and the permissive society
Critics of the permissive society

Answer 32

Critiques is determine in negative way, believing us decline in conventional more standards, encouraged by the contraceptive pill on the spread of mass media.

Question 33

Changes in moral attitudes and the permissive society
Catholics towards the permissive society

Answer 33

The Catholic Church was hostile to the contraceptive pill arguing that it was contrary to gods law, and therefore sinful, not all prominent Catholics agreed.

Question 34

Changes in moral attitudes and the permissive society
The spread of permissive ideas

Answer 34

Permissive ideas are spread by the media from teen magazines through to a growing number of uncensored novels. by the end of the decade rates of sexually transmitted affections rose, especially among young people.

Question 35

The changes in moral attitudes and the permissive society
Mary Whitehouse

Answer 35

Mary was the moral campaigner and concerned by permissive changes. The publicity and support she received led to the set up of the national viewers and listeners association in 1965. However, she failed to have any impact on the programs shown.

Question 36

Changes in moral attitudes and the permissive society
The spread of drug culture

Answer 36

cocaine and heroin addiction became 10 times more prevalent in the first half of the 1960s. The hippie lifestyle promoted the drug culture, and even the Beatles turned to LSD.

Question 37

Changes a moral attitude and the permissive society
The drugs act of, 1967

Answer 37

The dangerous drugs act 90,67, made a lawful to possess drugs, such as cannabis or cocaine. The Wooten report of 1968, suggested legalising soft drugs like cannabis, but was rejected by the home secretary.

Question 38

The changes of moral attitudes and the permissive society.
Michael Schofield on the sexual behaviour of young people 1965

Answer 38

Found most young people with either virgins on marriage or married at first, and only sexual partner. A mixture of ignorance and social restraint remained while liberal legislation opened the way to change.

Question 39

Youth culture
Increased living standards

Answer 39

Increase living standards, spread of education, and the growth of leisure time helped to create a youth generation that was more inclined to question norms.

Question 40

Youth culture
Parental clashes with youths

Answer 40

Young people clash with their parents over fashion, music, taste and more standards, and there was a great questioning of previous norms around sex and drugs. Such behaviour caused a deal of concern among the older generation.

Question 41

Youth culture
Teenage promiscuity of drugs

Answer 41

Alcohol, tobacco and caffeine will use more than illegal drugs and according to the survey 1969, young people spent more time listening to rock music in their bedrooms.

Question 42

Youth culture
Fashion

Answer 42

Youth culture was largely defined by fashion and London was the capital of the fashion world traditional rules were abandoned. It came acceptable to wear the same outfit to work and the evening.

Question 43

Youth culture
Music

Answer 43

Young people, listen to popular music by tuning into one of the radio stations like BBC Radio. Tv responded to demands which helped spread the latest trends music.New technology enabled cheap record players and made music accessible to all.

Question 44

Anti Vietnam War riots
Youth culture and political activism

Answer 44

You’ve culture and political activism merged in a position to the controversial Vietnam war in the late 1960s. There were teachings on Vietnam at Oxford University.

Question 45

Anti Vietnam war riots
The Vietnam solidarity campaign

Answer 45

The Vietnam solidarity campaign was set up in 1966, Jennings considerable support among a university students

Question 46

Anti Vietnam war riots
The anti-Vietnam war demonstration in London

Answer 46

On the 17th of March 1968, there were violence scenes at an Anti Vietnam war demonstration in London, in Grosvenor Square. On the 20th of March, still more violent protests took place ending with over 200 people being arrested

Question 47

Anti Vietnam War riots
1968 anti-war protests

Answer 47

The year 1978 saw a number of protests combined with demands for student power in variety of different universities. two, Conservative MPs were physically attacked. The labour secretary was shouted down in Manchester.

Question 48

Issues of immigration and race
The influx of immigrants from the new Commonwealth

Answer 48

The influx meant that social tensions experience in the late 50s, did not go away. a survey showed that one and five objected to working with black people or Asians and refuse to live next door to a black person.

Question 49

Issues of immigration and race
The 1965 first race relations act

Answer 49

This act was passed by the labour government which forbade discrimination in public places on the grounds of colour, race or ethnic origins. Discrimination housing and employment were excluded.

Question 50

Issues of immigration and race
The influx of Kenyan Asians

Answer 50

The influx prompted the government to pass a new Commonwealth immigration act, limiting the right of return to Britain for non-white Commonwealth citizens.

Question 51

Tissues of immigration and race
Enoch Powell

Answer 51

Power was strongly condemned by the liberal establishment, and he sacked him from the shadow cabinet over his rivers of blood speech. However, the reaction of the public opinion was very different.

Question 52

Immigration and race issues
Strikes in response to Powell’s sacking

Answer 52

There were strikes by dockers and meat porters in London, and a protest march in response to Powell sack. A gallop pole found at 75% of the population supported what Powell said.

Question 53

Issues of race and immigration
1968 race relation act

Answer 53

The expand, racial discrimination housing, employment, insurance, and other services, however, employees could still discriminate against nonwhite and complaint against the police were excluded from the law

Question 54

Issues of immigration and race
The race relations board

Answer 54

Where racial complaints were sent, it only held up 10% of 1241 complaints received about discriminatory employment to January 1972. Complaints remained low, because of victims had little faith in getting effective redress.

Question 55

Issues of immigration and race
Positive aspects to immigration

Answer 55

Evidence of communities living together without problems, the Notting Hill carnival became an annual event from 1964, appearance of Asian Corner shops, and Chinese takeaways.

Question 56

Issues of immigration and race
Youth culture

Answer 56

Youth culture drew from the ethnic communities in music, fashion and Street life. Hippies of the late 60s were Indian and African cotton, while others, enjoyed West Indian styles of music.