Social and Cognitive Development

Question 1

What did Erikson’s theory focus on?

Answer 1

Psychosocial development

Question 2

What developmental task is found at 0-18 months

Answer 2

Basic trust v mistrust

Question 3

what developmental task is found from 1-2 years

Answer 3

autonomy v shame and doubt

Question 4

what developmental task is found at 3-6 years

Answer 4

initiative v guilt

Question 5

what developmental task is found from 7-11 years

Answer 5

industry v inferiority

Question 6

what developmental task occurs in the teenage years

Answer 6

identity v identity confusion

Question 7

what developmental task occurs from 20-30

Answer 7

intimacy v isolation

Question 8

what developmental task occurs from 40-60

Answer 8

generativity v stagnation

Question 9

what developmental task occurs from 60 onwards

Answer 9

integrity v despair

Question 10

What did Vygotsky focus on?

Answer 10

Learning/development from a social, cultural and historical context.

Development being dependent on interpersonal interactions, communication and cooperation.

Question 11

What are the four types of parenting styles?

Answer 11

Authoritarian
Authoritative
Uninvolved
Permissive

Question 12

What did Bowlby argue were the two major purposes of attachment

Answer 12

Survival –> more likely to be fed, protection etc.
Nurturance –> comfort, distress from absence

Question 13

What are the consequences of a peer status?

Answer 13

Can change, which leaves people on edge and unstable.
Being rejected can lead to uninvolvement in many areas of life (school, activities etc.).
Increase of bad mental health effects from being rejected, more likely for depression and anxiety without strong connections.

Question 14

What are the three main domains of development

Answer 14

Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial

Question 15

What did Piaget focus on?

Answer 15

Cognitive stages of development in children (particularly)

Question 16

What were Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development

Answer 16

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

Question 17

What is involved in the sensorimotor stage? (Piaget)

Answer 17

Coordination of sensory and motor activity
Achievement of object permanence (in stages)
- from 4-8 out of sight out of mind
- 8-12 months A-not-B error (should be in this spot but it isn’t)
- 1 year trouble with invisible displacement (oh no they moved the object from where I last saw it)
- 18 months, mastered [could be as early as 3 months with new research]

Question 18

What is involved in the preoperational stage? (Piaget)

Answer 18

Language and symbolic representation
EGOCENTRISM (my perspective is the only perspective)
False belief tasks (people may not be right all the time)

Question 19

What is involved in the concrete operational stage? (Piaget)

Answer 19

Decentration (focus two/more dimensions of problem)
Reversible thought (can mentally undo action)
Transformational thought (can understand process of change from one state to another)
Less egocentrism

Question 20

What is involved in the formal operational stage and beyond? (Piaget).

Answer 20

Sense of identity
Complex/abstract thinking
Adolescent idealism / more egocentrism
Rebellion against “illogical ideas”