Social and Cognitive Development Flashcards
What did Erikson’s theory focus on?
Psychosocial development
What developmental task is found at 0-18 months
Basic trust v mistrust
what developmental task is found from 1-2 years
autonomy v shame and doubt
what developmental task is found at 3-6 years
initiative v guilt
what developmental task is found from 7-11 years
industry v inferiority
what developmental task occurs in the teenage years
identity v identity confusion
what developmental task occurs from 20-30
intimacy v isolation
what developmental task occurs from 40-60
generativity v stagnation
what developmental task occurs from 60 onwards
integrity v despair
What did Vygotsky focus on?
Learning/development from a social, cultural and historical context.
Development being dependent on interpersonal interactions, communication and cooperation.
What are the four types of parenting styles?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Uninvolved
Permissive
What did Bowlby argue were the two major purposes of attachment
Survival –> more likely to be fed, protection etc.
Nurturance –> comfort, distress from absence
What are the consequences of a peer status?
Can change, which leaves people on edge and unstable.
Being rejected can lead to uninvolvement in many areas of life (school, activities etc.).
Increase of bad mental health effects from being rejected, more likely for depression and anxiety without strong connections.
What are the three main domains of development
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
What did Piaget focus on?
Cognitive stages of development in children (particularly)
What were Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
What is involved in the sensorimotor stage? (Piaget)
Coordination of sensory and motor activity
Achievement of object permanence (in stages)
- from 4-8 out of sight out of mind
- 8-12 months A-not-B error (should be in this spot but it isn’t)
- 1 year trouble with invisible displacement (oh no they moved the object from where I last saw it)
- 18 months, mastered [could be as early as 3 months with new research]
What is involved in the preoperational stage? (Piaget)
Language and symbolic representation
EGOCENTRISM (my perspective is the only perspective)
False belief tasks (people may not be right all the time)
What is involved in the concrete operational stage? (Piaget)
Decentration (focus two/more dimensions of problem)
Reversible thought (can mentally undo action)
Transformational thought (can understand process of change from one state to another)
Less egocentrism
What is involved in the formal operational stage and beyond? (Piaget).
Sense of identity
Complex/abstract thinking
Adolescent idealism / more egocentrism
Rebellion against “illogical ideas”
