Social and Behavioral Development Flashcards
what are the types of behavioral development: conditioning
- classical
- operant
- observational learning
what is operant conditioning
- extension of classical conditioning
- consequence of a behavior is itself a stimulus that can influence future behavior
- reinforcement increases likelihood of behavior
- punishment decrease likelihood of behavior
what is positive reinforcement
- desired behavior is rewarded
- toy given to a child for good behavior
- giving praise or compliment for good behavior
what is negative reinforcement
- unpleasant stimulus is removed as a result of behavior
- can go two ways:
1. tantrum gets you out of the situation- throw a bigger one next time
2. appointment time shortened due to good behavior
what are the 2 stages of observational learning
acquisition and performance
behavior moves from acquisition to performance if the model is _____
liked/respected/trusted
what are the 8 stages of emotional development and how long is each stage
- development of basic trust: 0-18 months
- autonomy: 18 months - 3 years old
- development of initiative: 3-6 years old
- industry/mastery of skills: 7-11 years old
- development of identity: 12-17 years old
- ## development of intimacy: young adult
what happens in step 1: development of basic trust
- child attached to parent
- may be fearful or uncooperative if they havent developed trust
- treat patient with parent
what happens in step 2: autonomy (or shame)
- terrible twos
- child is finding independence and ability to choose
- if its not their idea it likely wont happen
- give choices
- have parent present
what happens during step 3: development of initiative
-physical activity and motion
- tons of questions
- important to succeed
- first dental visit is usually now
- treat away from parent to reinforce independence
what happens during industry/mastery of skills
- acquiring academic and social skills which allow them to compete in an enivronment where those who produce are recognized
- necessity of working is realized
- peers becoming more important
- realistic goals should be set and met
- compliance depends on child understand what is needed to please parents
what happens during development of identitiy
- adolescence
- realizing one can exist outside the famiky
- rejecting parental authority, peer group extremely important
- motivation is internal or external
- important that a child in this age group have internal desire to undergo any prolonged treatment
what happens in the development of intimacy stage
- creating close meaningful relationships
- ability to sacrifice and compromise for a relationship
what are the steps of cognitive development
- assimilation
- accommodation
what happens in assimilation in cognitive development
- incorporating events within the environment into mental categories
- child sees something that flies -> learns its a bird -> everything that flies is a bird
what happens in accommodation
- child changes mental categories to better represent the environment
- learns to distinguish a bird from a fly
what age does sensorimotor development occur and what happens during it
- 0-2 years old
- discover reality of objects- they dont disappear when not being looked at
- limited ability to project forward or backward
- usually arent treating patients in this age group but can have patients with disabilities that could fall into any stage of development
what ages does preoperational period occur and what happens
- 2-7 years old
- they use words like adults, they appear to think more like adults than they really do
- limited associated
- understand the world through 5 senses
- incapable of seeing another persons point of view
- apply life to inanimate objects
what age does period of concrete operations occur and what happens
- 7-11 years old
- develops ability to see anothers point of view
- limited but increasing ability to think about abstract things
what age does period of formal operations occur and what happens during it
- 11 years old to adulthood
- can think about thinking
- adolescents think tha tothers are thinking about them
- adolescents see themselves as unique leading to the personal fable
what are the steps of cognitive development
4 periods of operations
