Social 8 Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

What is a Crusade?

Answer 1

A crusade is one of the Christian military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the muslims.

Question 2

What is a city-state?

Answer 2

A politically independent city and the rural area around it

Question 3

What is the rural area around a city-state called?

Answer 3

The hinterland

Question 4

What is a monarchy?

Answer 4

A country or place that is ruled by a king or queen.

Question 5

What is usury?

Answer 5

The practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone

Question 6

What is a Republic?

Answer 6

A state in which power is held by the people

Question 7

What was the Silk Road?

Answer 7

The name of a network of trade routes that connected civilization in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. (from Europe to Asia [and Africa])

Question 8

What caused the rise of trade between western Europe and the east?

Answer 8

Crusades, desire to know more, power. The Crusades did because Europeans saw these new oils, spices, and varieties of fruits and wanted more. This want for more led to trading. Desire to know more because people wanted to see other places, saw that they had cool stuff, and wanted it. Then they ended up trading it. Power too because if you had good relationships with other places and trade you got money. Money = power

Question 9

What were the results of the Crusades?

Answer 9

The results of the Crusades were contact with muslim civilization and trade. Contact with Muslims led to European exposure to new ideas on medicine, astronomy, philosophy, math, and literature so there were advances in learning.

Question 10

Why were the Italian City states so successful?

Answer 10

Geography (close to water and africa), climate (mild, long growing season), leadership (independent city-states not monarchies), social organization (not much feudalism, nobles moved to towns upper class, business and banking)

Question 11

Was it better if a trade route was on water?

Answer 11

Yes it was because that was the fastest and cheapest way to trade.

Question 12

What changes resulted in Italian city-states after they became wealthy from trading?

Answer 12

There was more competition between city states, commerce and businesses grew, bankers and merchants got rich, people wanted leaders who promised stability. People also wanted power and there was a rise in population in successful places.

Question 13

What were 5 differences between Northern Italy and the rest of Europe (during Renaissance)?

Answer 13

Northern Italy was closest to port cities of Northern Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Northern Italy’s climate was milder. Northern Italy had independent city states not monarchy. Northern Italy didn’t focus much on feudalism. Northern Italians had more exposure to culture outside of Europe.

Question 14

What were the political conditions in Italy and Northern Europe?

Answer 14

In Italy, there were independent city states. In Europe, there was a monarchy

Question 15

What were the economic conditions in Northern Europe vs Italy?

Answer 15

In Northern Europe, the economy was based on trade. In Italy it was based on trade, commerce, and banking.

Question 16

What were the trade conditions in Northern Europe and Italy?

Answer 16

In Northern Europe, traders could go on the Silk Road and other routes to trade. In Italy, people could go on trading routes too but they did it first so they were more exposed than other Europeans.

Question 17

What were the positive aspects of the rise of trade?

Answer 17

Europeans gained knowledge, they got wealthy from trading, they were able to make banks, and they could sell their products from the raw material for more money. Merchants got the chance to grow their businesses.

Question 18

What were the negative aspects of the rise of trade?

Answer 18

If you were a consumer you paid a lot for these products, not everyone could travel and trade, trading caused more competition between city states.

Question 19

What were the 4 business practices in Renaissance Europe?

Answer 19

Partnerships and Joint Stock Company, Banks, Bills of Exchange, and Insurance

Question 20

What was a joint stock company? What was its purpose?

Answer 20

In a joint stock company, people could purchase shares of the company. These people with the shares became partial owners and investors in the company. The purpose was to limit risks and costs associated with certain types of business. It was also used to raise capital for larger projects.

Question 21

What is capital?

Answer 21

Money.

Question 22

What was the purpose of banks in the Renaissance?

Answer 22

They provided money lending services as well as issuing Bills of Exchange.

Question 23

What were Bills of Exchange and what were their purpose?

Answer 23

They were like a chequing account. The merchant would deposit gold and recieved the bill of exchange to turn in for gold at other banks. This was used especially when trading (safer and easier).

Question 24

Was was insurance in the Renaissance? What was its purpose?

Answer 24

A person travelling would pay a small fee to insure their goods. If they were damaged or lost, the insurance company pays replacement costs. If the goods were safe, insurance company kept money.