Social 7 Year End Review Flashcards
1
Q
what did the European explorers call the
Haudenosaunee,
Nehiyawak,
and Wandat?
A
iroquois,
cree,
huron
2
Q
confederation compromises canada west, new brunswick, nova scotia
A
canada west: promised to protect french rights
new brunswick: the larger Canadian colonies would dominate the union.
nova scotia: wanted railroad and were scared of raised taxes
3
Q
what were the 3 key factors that led these colonies to think about union
A
- Political deadlock in the Province of Canada
- Shifting trade relations
- Defending British North America
4
Q
what were the three sisters
A
Corn, bean, and squash were the main crops they were always planted together to help each other grow
5
Q
Key Haudenosaunee Values
A
Collective thinking and considering the future generations
Decision making by consensus
Considering all points of views
Equality - everyone’s equal in society, no matter what their age or gender
6
Q
In 1534, what did the Haudenosaunee provide cartier which enabled his crew to survive?
A
a cure for scurvy
7
Q
Schools in New France (french in north america)
A
Most children stayed with their families so they could help on the farm.
They had the opportunity to go to school when planting and harvesting were finished.
8
Q
in 1864, there was a breakthrough in the political deadlock. George Brown convinced his party to join a what?
A
a coalition
9
Q
how did the war of 1812 come to near the end
A
in a deadlock
10
Q
who were members of the constitutional act
A
The Governor – appointed by Britain (leader)
Executive & Legislative Councils – appointed by the governor
Legislative Assembly- voted in by the general population.
Voters- the regular civilians
11
Q
what did john cabot see in the waters of newfoundland
A
FISH
12
Q
what is culture
A
A way of life or being that is shared by a group of people.
13
Q
barter
A
to trade a good for another good
14
Q
what were the three options the biriths had after the treaty of paris
A
Eviction - force people off their
Assimilation
Accommodation - let the Canadiens continue with their way of life.
15
Q
The importance of clans:
A
Helped people cooperate
Allowed for the sharing of resources
Specific territories were assigned where each clan could hunt and fish.
Like many First Nations peoples they relied heavily on hunting, fishing and gathering.
16
Q
what was the connection between new france and france
A
New France depended on France for its survival. France supplied supplies and military protection.
In return, New France supplied resources such as furs and fish.
The colony made France richer and more powerful which were the aims of imperialism.
17
Q
what did the united empire loyalists do when the patriots didn’t trust them
A
Many Loyalists fled from the violence and became refugees. As many as 40,000 Loyalists fled from the Thirteen Colonies.
18
Q
PONTIAC’S WAR
A
e led a group of First Nations tribes to attack the British in the Ohio Valley.
Pontiac his allies to captured numerous other forts along the shores of lake Erie.
pontiac wanted the french to help him, but could not
Eventually, the British retaliated and destroyed the First Nations alliance.
19
Q
in 1821, what happened to the north-west company
A
the HBC over took them. the comapny is over, and red river belonged to the british.
20
Q
what happened to the british colonies when the british started to stop taxing goods from other countries.
A
Colonies no longer had an assured market for their goods. Britain the colonies need money to pay for their defence
21
Q
The French King, Louis XIII (13) main reasons for returning to North America.
A
In the early 1600’s, the demand for furs in Europe forced the French to return to North America. The French king, Louis XIII, decided that France should build a colony in North America.
Louis XIII wanted to be the most powerful ruler in Europe and needed to expand his empire to do so.
22
Q
the battle of the plains of abraham
A
As dawn broke, the British army was in place and the French were astonished to see thousands of soldiers in battle position just outside the city gates.
Montcalm emerged from the city and the British launched a massive volley of musket fire.
The French fired back.
A fierce battle raged, killing both Montcalm and Wolfe.
After 15 minutes of slaughter, the French turned and fled.
In all, 1300 soldiers died on the Plains of Abraham.
23
Q
The years between 1840 and 1870 were a _________ for the Maritime colonies.
A
“Golden Age”
24
Q
Louis Joseph Papineau presented what
A
the Ninety Two Resolutions to the Assembly
25
how did the scripts giving to the metis work?
each script (more like a coupon) give them ownership to about 240 acres. However, the scrips did not work, and the Métis didn't get thier land.
26
who also lived at red river manitoba
- Country Born Métis
- Cree and Anishinabe [a-nih-shih-NAHbee] First Nations.
- Roman Catholic missionaries
Canadiens
- British employees of the Hudson’s Bay Company. (but nobody likes them.)
27
The Great Peace of Montréal
In the of 1701, 1300 delegates from 40 First Nations communities arrived in Montréal.
french and first nations will not fight anymore
28
in Anishinaabe government, what traits was a leader chosen for each clan
was chosen because he displayed courage, good character, or skill in hunting.
29
how did the first acadian survive
They survived through farming, fishing, and hunting.
30
Pemmican proclamation
In 1814, he banned the Métis from exporting any meat, fish, or vegetables from Red River.
The buffalo meat trade was a very important part of the Métis identity and economy. Yet, the newcomers had put a stop to this trade without discussing it with the Métis.
31
women Making Decisions (Haudenosaunee)
Women played an important role in government. The leaders of the clan were usually men, but they were chosen by Clan Mothers.
Women had the power to veto any law the men passed and could even remove a men from his position.
32
when upper Canada joined lower canada, what was the new colony called
the province of canada
33
who was Louis-Hippolyte and what did he di
stopped the idea of dividing canada again and worked wit Robert Baldwin. together, they supported french language rights and tried to make a system work for everyone
34
The Three Key Players of the fur trade
first nations: trapped animals and prepared furs.
merchants: managed the fur trade at outposts.
Coureurs de bois (Also known as voyageurs): They traded for furs with the First Nations.
35
where did the Anishinabe live
he wooded country of northern and central Ontario and in southern Manitoba.
36
Iroquois Confederacy ( Haudenosaunee)
An alliance ( a union in which groups agree to trade and help each other solve disputes) was formed between Haudenosaunee nations.
37
The Treaty of Ghent (1814)
required both parties (british and americans) to return to their territories and cease the conflict.
38
when did Jacques Cartier reach canada
1534
39
why did the british colonies rely on Britain
Britain didn't tax its colonies.
This made goods from colonies inexpensive and popular in Britain.
The colonies could depend on the British to buy their goods.
40
what was the result of the first 3 months of capturing quebec
They were unsuccessful
41
what did Scottish nobleman named (Cool guy) Selkirk do?
bought a huge piece of land from the Hudson’s Bay Company.
He brought dozens of families to the land from Scotland.
He wanted to turn the land at Red River into a great farming colony.
42
The competition between French and English fur traders came to an abrupt halt in _____, when New France came under British control
1760
43
what was a clan mother
the head of each long house
44
James Cook
Goal of Journey: To look for a Pacific entrance to the Northwest Passage.
Outcome: Cook failed to discover the route he was seeking, so he left the coast and set sail across the Pacific for Asia. Upon his arrival in China, he discovered through trading with the Nuu-chah-nulth that sea otter skins were worth a lot of money.
The pelts were so valuable that traders called the sea otter “soft gold”
45
so the king of france is going to let someone else pay for exploring canada. how?
The King granted a trade monopoly to a group of merchants.
This meant that only the merchants within the group would be allowed to trade for furs in the colony.
In return, the merchants built the colonies and found French citizens to live in them.
46
What is imperialism?
When a country extends their control over other nations. For centuries, much of the world was ruled by imperial powers.
47
what happens when two people get married in the Haudenosaunee tribe
the husband went to live in his wife’s longhouse.
The women of the clan owned all of the possessions in the house.
48
Kisúlk, the Mi'kmaq' creator, made all humans_____ to everything else in nature.
equal
49
The Thirteen colonies climate
Climate was mild and farming flourished year-round.
Made life more comfortable.
50
Marquis de Frontenac (french)
Became governor in 1672.
He wanted to expand the system of trading posts deep into the interior. If he didn’t, he knew the English would.
51
what was the problem in governing the province of canada
the english made up the majority, so the canadiens were always outvoted
52
what did the first french pioneers form
formed a unique community and culture. They were the first Acadians.
53
what were the goals of the nor'westers
they extended the fur trade farther
to make money rather than to build a colony
worked hard to improve ties made by the French with the First Nations peoples.
54
The Fate of Louis Riel
Louis Riel surrendered and stood trial for treason—the betrayal of one’s country.
A jury found him guilty and Riel was sentenced to hang.
Prime Minister Macdonald could have stepped in and saved Riel’s life.
55
Fighting between the Canadien Patriotes and the British broke out in __________ at Saint- Denis
November 1837
56
what is pemmican
mixed shredded meat with fat and berries. was very important food for people in the West.
No explorer or fur trader would venture onto the plains without a bag of it to eat.
57
what is a pluralistic society
This means that our history has helped us learn to value all cultures.
Pluralism means that we respects and value the individual and collective opinions and identities of all people.
58
In July 1534, Cartier met the ____________ near the St.Lawrence River.
Haudenosaunee
59
who is Henry Kelsey
to convince more trade partners for the HBC
Gain greater access to furs
Travel as far west as present-day Saskatchewan (guidance of the Cree)
Increase the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
60
acadian identity
- When Acadia fell under British control they renamed it Nova Scotia.
- The Acadians developed a unique identity
- The Acadian lifestyle involved farming, and living in small villages
French-speaking Catholics (Francophone).
61
what did the Coureurs de Bois create?
Some married First Nations women, and these couples became parents to the first Métis.
62
what group of first nations did cartier meet?
Mi’kmaq
63
in ______ (year) for 1.5 millions smackeroos, canada purchased Rupert land
1869
64
what happened when The Métis Provisional Government sent representatives to Ottawa with its Bill of Rights.
The prime minister recognized the provisional government as legal. He met with them and agreed to almost all the items on the list.
In July 1870 the government passed the Manitoba Act, which created the province of Manitoba.
65
who were the men who paddled canoes for the nor'westers called?
voyageurs
66
Pierre de Monts received a what?
a monopoly
67
Different goal of the 13 colonies
Invested a lot of money in its colonies overseas.
Wanted to establish large settlements to gain military and economic advantage over other imperial countries.
68
who was the french general in the capture of quebec
Marquis de Montcalm
69
New France trade
New France was allowed to trade only with France.
70
what where some things in the manitoba act
ey important terms of the Act:
Manitoba would have its own provincial government.
Both French and English would be used in the government and courts.
The province would be able to send four elected members to the House of Commons in Ottawa and two members to the Senate.
There would be two publicly funded school systems, one for Protestants and one for Catholics
An area of land (560 000 hectares) would be set aside for the Métis to use.
71
Sir Frederick Haldimand allowed Loyalists to settle on the land along the Upper St. Lawrence River. why was this a problem
this land belonged to the Anishinabe Nation.
72
in 1542, what did cartier plan to do?
to set up a permanent colony along the st. lawrence river. but he, uh-well, he failed. (FAILURE! YOUR COUSIN TIMMY IN CHINA COULD DO THAT WHILE FIGHTING AN ARMY, BAREFOOT, 100 DEGREE WEATHER, IN DA SNOW!)
73
New France religion
Only French Catholics were encouraged to come to New France.
74
The Great Law of Peace (Haudenosaunee)
A set of laws that explained how the government would work and how people should behave in society.
75
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (french)
the french king put him in charge of planning in 1663.
Colbert wanted the colony (new france) to be part of the mercantile system.
76
Mercantilism
Mercantilism was based on the idea that a nation's wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and so involved increasing trade.
Allowed an imperial country to become richer by selling the resources (fish, furs, wood, iron) taken from its colonies
The home country no longer had to pay to get certain good from other countries.
77
The lived in small villages of extended families,
called clans.
78
what was the biggest significance of the great peace of montreal
during war, it was hard to travel and trade goods. without war, fur trading would increase
79
Why did the imperial countries of Europe want to expand their empires?
Economics
Competition
Religion
Curiosity
80
Anishinabe world view
Wisdom: to cherish knowledge
Love: to know peace
Respect: to honour all of Creation
Bravery : to face your foes
Honesty: to face a situation
Humility: to know yourself
Truth: to know all these things
81
by the ______ Europeans were eager to find another route to Asia, preferably over water.
1400s
82
the king of france knew he could not fund the exploration into canada. so, what did he do?
Let someone else pay for it!
83
what is rep by pop
Representation by population, or rep by pop, means to have the amount of seats in an assembly depending on the number of people in a province
84
how did the Mi'kmaq see and use resources
Resources were never wasted - only took what they needed.
85
Jean Talon (french)
Jean Talon
He was in charge of the economy after 1665.
He used government money to attract more colonists.
Under Talon, the number of French colonists doubled.
86
the 13 colonies were beautifully cooperative
yep.mhhm. Perfectly true! not wrong in the slightest! wouldn't dream of being it wrong! such a pleasant thing. would be preposterous if fake!
87
The Royal Takeover (Taking Control)
In 1663, King Louis XIV (14) takes control of the colony from the merchants.
88
what date did the French surrender and New France fell under British rule.
September 8, 1760-
89
Anishinabe Role of Women
Men and women were seen as equal. Each had a specific set of roles to play for the good of the community.
Some key roles that women played:
Looked after the children and maintained the lodge
Hunted small animals
Harvested a variety of wild fruits, nuts and wild rice.
90
The Thirteen colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were initially allowed to trade with other countries.
91
where did Cartier reach the coast of in canada
Newfoundland
92
In 1841, the Act of Union
created a single colony with two provinces.
English became the only official language of government. The Canadiens were very unhappy with this arrangement
93
The Treaty of Ghent (1814)
required both parties (british and americans) to return to their territories and cease the conflict.
94
he Mi’kmaq had_____relationship with _____which they called_____.
close, nature, mother earth
95
The Catholic Church in New France (Key Points)
In France, most people were Catholic. Therefore, almost all colonist in New France were Catholic.
The most important goal of the Church was to spread the Catholic faith.
Priests, nuns, and missionaries were sent to the colonies to hold religious services, teach in schools, run hospitals and care for the poor.
They came to North America to convert First Nations peoples to their religion.
96
how many times more did the europeans trade furs for?
10 TIMES AS MORE
97
how did the british see the war of 1812
The British- saw the war as a failure because their land in Upper and Lower Canada was under the threat of attack.
98
who were the metis
Many learned to speak the First Nations languages and other skills they needed to survive in the woods.
Their main interest was fur trapping, but they also acted as guides and interpreters for the French traders.
99
Schools in France (french in north america)
Many children were sent to cities at a young age to learn a trade.
Many were never given the chance to attend school.
100
A Scottish immigrant named ___________________ led the Reformers.
In 1834, he and a group of Reformers issued the Seventh Report on Grievances. It listed their demands.
William Lyon Mackenzie
101
some of the responsibilities of women in Haudenosaunee's were the following
Deciding on the location of the new village
Deciding whether the men should go to war or not.
Helping troubled people and teaching the children
102
who were the Coureurs de Bois “runners of the woods”
A unique group of adventurers who lived for a long period among First Nations.
103
Red River, Manitoba
was where the largest number of Métis lived.
104
The Mi’kmaq Perspective of the British in north America
They were concerned about the British newcomers.
The site where Halifax was built was one of the Mi’kmaq people’s preferred coastal campsites.
Their French allies urged them to make life difficult for the British.
The British response:
Lord Cornwallis, issued order to “annoy, distress, take, or destroy Mi’kmaq people wherever they are found.”
British colonist decided to expand and build farms outside of Halifax (caused tension between the French and British colonists in Nova Scotia)
105
in 1864, what was george brown's idea proposal
A PLAIN TO UNITE ALL THE COLONIES. Each colony would keep its own government to run its own affairs.
A central government would look after matters that affected the whole union.
106
in the sovereign council, what was the role of the intendant
2nd most important member
In charge of day-day affairs (supervised courts, managed the economy)
Started the development of many industries (shipbuilding / fishing)
107
The Red River Resistance, 1869
YOU DON'T NEED TELLING TWICE
108
how did the Mi'kmaq reach a decision
by consensus
109
what were the colonists who thought the constitutional act was unfair called?
the reformers
110
in the 1850, how did colonists see union
some believed that union would bring an end to wood wind and sail. they wanted to increase trade by spreading to the US and Britain. slowly, they saw unions could make Canada grow, and the proposed railway was very attractive
111
The Quebec Act of 1774
Allowed the Canadians to practice their language and religion.
112
define Ethnocentric
to believe one's own culture or nation is superior than another
113
why did people come to new france?
They had more food and better houses than people in their home countries.
114
the Haudenosaunee's Role of Women
Haudenosaunee women were respected for their ability to create life. They gave birth to children and they grew food crops from the body of Mother Earth.
Women’s role in the community was equal to men’s
115
The Seventh Generation (Haudenosaunee)
The Haudenosaunee believed they were responsible for the health of their environment.
They knew that if they did not take care of Mother Earth, there would be no resources left for their future grandchildren and great-grandchildren)
How could this idea connect to us?
They carefully considered how each serious decision would impact future generations.
116
why was quebec founded
Port Royal was a long way from the centre of the fur trade, so Pierre de Monts and Champlain decided to move closer to the St. Lawrence River.
117
Mi'kmaq role of women
Raised the children and took care of the home.
They collected, prepared the food and hunted.
Women also voiced their concerns in all matters.
There were many female elders whose opinions were strongly valued on both local matters (who should have what are to hunt?) and major questions (should we go to war or not?)
118
What is a colony?
A territory of land that is controlled by another country.
119
how did the first nations see the war of 1812
The First Nations- claimed no victory, suffered many losses in the war as over 15,000 First Nations allies died between fighting with the British or American sides.
120
The Thirteen colonies employment
The economy was based mainly on farming, fishing, logging.
Many different ways to earn a living.
121
where did the Haudenosaunee's live?
they lived throughout the north and south of the St. Lawrence River.
122
First Nations Perspective on Land
Although a First Nations granted certain bands or families the right to hunt and fish in a territory, no one owned land privately.
They believed land was to be shared by everyone.
123
what was the economy of the metis (what jobs did they have)
- Jobs in the fur trade and hunted the buffalo
- they grew crops on narrow river lots, similar to the seigneurial system used in Québec.
124
In the mid-nineteenth century, what began to think about joining together. (hint, this the beginning of confederation.)
the colonies of British North America
125
Why was it so important for Britain to build colonies in America?
The economy - France, Spain and Portugal had a lot of money from their colonies in the Americas. Britain did not want to fall behind.
Competition - Spain and France were expanding their empire. Britain wanted to compete with them to stop them from becoming more powerful.
Quality of Life - In Britain, cities were overcrowded and little farmland was available. Colonies provided a place to resettle people.
4) Religious Freedom - Many religious groups in Britain were being treated badly because of their beliefs. Many were looking for a place to practice their faith freely.
126
Soldiers on the March
YOU KNOW WHAT I'M GOING TO SAY
127
how did the Mi'kmaq value citizens in governing
Council would listen to all men and women who wanted to express an opinion or issue.
128
what were the Haudenosaunee's 6 different First Nations.
Mohawk ,Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca ,Tuscarora.
129
metis bill of rights, 1869
wanted to negotiate terms and avert from up arms
130
Treaty of Utrecht
in 1713, to create peace in Europe.
131
whats inside culture
art drama music
attitudes
beliefs
language
customs
rituals
behaviour
faith/religion
food
132
The land of the Mi’kmaq was divided into __ districts
7
133
when the 13 colonies became unhappy, which two groups formed
British Loyalists and American Rebels.
134
in the Sovereign Council, what was the role of the bishop
Head of the church in the colony.
Played a leading role in politics.
Trained many priests within the colony.
135
The Treaty of Paris of 1763
the Seven Years War ended in 1763.
The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763
This gave Britain ownership of the French territory in North America
136
Negative impacts of the fur trade
Working for the fur trade: first nations worked for the fur trade instead of their own practices
Following the furs: first nations moved father for more furs, often causing disputes over land
Depending on European Goods: many new tools first nations used could be supplied by europeans
Hunting the buffalo
Loss of Language
137
sagamaw
a local leader in each clan
138
what is the specific trait Mi'kmaq leaders were chosen for
leaders were chosen for their ability to reach agreements amongst the people.
139
Louis Joseph Papineau presented what
the Ninety Two Resolutions to the Assembly
140
what food did the first nations sell to fur traders.
PEMMICAN
141
how did the americans see the war of 1812
Americans- saw the war as a victory over the British as they were able to “successfully” invade Canada.
142
how did the Mi'kmaq govern themselves?
each district was governed by a district leader and a council
They had the power to settle disputes and divide hunting/fishing territories among family clans.
143
French Perspective on Land.
Like people from other imperial countries of Europe, the French claimed “ownership” of the territories they explored.
They did not discuss land ownership with the First Nations or Inuit.
144
what was the 7 years war?
1756
145
who was Pierre de Monts friend?
Samuel De Champlain
146
what did women do in the fur trade?
Prepared Furs
Worked in the Forts
Working “on the road.”
Sharing language and geography skills
147
Different goals of new france
Not interested in spending heavily on its North American colonies.
Prioritized collecting furs and other natural resources
148
who won the battle at Saint-Denis, but were later pushed back by British forces at Saint Charles.
the patrioits
149
when the british stopped buying goods from the british colonies, where did the colonies turn to
first to the united states, but them, to themselves.
150
New France climate
Climate of the St. Lawrence Valley and Acadia was extreme.
Most of the year it was to cold for farming.
However, It was be place to find thick furs.
151
what did girls in new france receive better of in new france
Girls in New France received a better education in New France than they did in France!
152
The Great Migration
Britain decided to open their colonies up to immigrants from Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England.
Between 1815-1850 more than 800,000 immigrants flooded into Atlantic Canada and began to settle in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec.
153
explain the great deportation
ever since acaida came under british rule, the acadians did not swear loyalty to the british crown. so lawrence deported 10,000 acadians to the Caribbean, France, and England; many died due to disease, drowning and starvation
154
what does quebec mean
The word came from an Algonquin word meaning “the place where the river narrows.”
155
what did Samuel De Champlain and Pierre de Monts call their new settlement
Acadia
156
The Mi’kmaq lived the
woodlands along the seacoast of what are now the provinces of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick (Eastern Canada) .
157
The Thirteen colonies
Allowed for settlers of many faiths to settle in The Thirteen Colonies.
158
in the Sovereign Council, what was the role of the governor
Most powerful member.
The King’s personal representative.
Usually an army officer and a noble (in charge of defending the colony)
159
The Constitutional Act 1791
Divided Quebec into East and West.
160
when were the nor'westers founded
1779
161
what is a representative democracy
means that citizens elect people to make decisions for them and These representatives must make laws in the best interest of the people.
162
what is the Sovereign Council
This council was made up of appointed councillors and 3 key officials.
Governor
Intendant
Bishop
163
Rising Arms / The Government Reacts (pg 189)
DO IT
164
list and describe the roles of all the clans in Anishinabe governemnt
bird: spiritual leaders
marten: hunters, food gatherers and warriors
fish: teachers and scholars and solving disputes
loon and crane: leadership clans; responsible for providing governance
bear: responsible for policing the community
deer: responsible for maintaining shelter
165
in 1670, what did King Charles II of England grant?
n 1670, King Charles II of England granted a monopoly to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
The monopoly covered all the lands drained by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay (see figure 3.9).
The British called the area Rupert’s Land, after Prince Rupert, the 1st head of the company.
Key Point - The Hudson’s Bay company was not interested in building a colony.
They were merchants, interested only in trading.
Many First Nations and Inuit hunters brought the furs to these posts.
166
New France employment
The economy was based mostly on the fur trade.
Not many other opportunities to earn a living in any other way.
167
although cartier didn't succeed in setting up a permanent colony in canada he did succeed in what?
He did succeed in gathering a great deal of important information about the land across the ocean.
168
populating new france. The king’s Solution (1665-1673):
He sent about 900 single young women and girls to New France to become wives.
Some of these women were orphans or poor.
If they married, the king gave each couple resources to establish their families (see p.48 for specifics!)
These women were known as the “King's Daughters”
Within 14 years, the populations of New France grew from 3200 to 10,000.
169
The seigneurial system
Step 1 - the king would give a large piece of land along the St. Lawrence River to the nobles, called seigneurs.
Step 2 - each seigneur had to find colonists to settle the land.
Step 3 - these colonist, known as habitants, rented strips of land from the seigneur and set up farms.
170
what did the government do after louis riel's death
they agreed on some of the needs of the Métis, but not all. the government made the first nations and Métis stay on reserves.
171
what did the Treaty of Utrecht say?
The French got to keep the Fortress of Louisbourg (Cape Breton - an island in Nova Scotia)
The British took control of the French colony of Acadia.
British renamed the colony Nova Scotia.
172
Anthony Henday
to convince the siksika people to trade with the HBC
He travelled on foot to what is today Red Deer.
173
what were the first 3 groups to come in contact with European explorers who travelled to North America in the 1400s and 1500s)
Mi’kmaq (MIG-mah)
Haudenosaunee (hah-duh-nuh-SAH-nee)
Anishinabe (a-nih-shih-NAH-bee)
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sovereignty over Nova Scotia.
In 1749, they decided to show its sovereignty over Nova Scotia.
Meaning - they tightened its control over the former French colony.
How? - The British planned to build a town and a fort in Nova Scotia at a place the Mi’kmaq called Chebucto meaning “the biggest harbour.”
This became a base for British troops and naval ships.
175
when does Britain launch an attack on Louisbourg, and capturing the fortress in 60 day.
1758
176
what unique language did many metis speak at red river manitoba
michif
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Québec Act of 1774
The French had developed such a strong sense of identity in the region it became almost impossible to move everyone out or assimilate everyone.
They decided to pass the Québec Act of 1774. It is important to understand that the origin of bilingualism was the Québec Act.
The British recognized the Canadiens’ right to maintain their language and traditions
178
was Jacques Cartier french or british
HE WAS FRENCH YOU TOE SUCKING CHING CHONG PIECE OF SHI - wait...
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What is an empire?
A network of colonies controlled by a single country, sometimes called the home country.
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation established English institutions and laws into North America.
The British chose to assimilate the Canadiens residing on their newly acquired territory.
King George III signed the Royal Proclamation,
181
what did john cabot do?
he arrives in newfoundland in 1947 and claims the land for britian.
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The Royal Takeover (Citizens)
Citizens had to follow rules established by the Sovereign Council.
People enjoyed greater freedom in New France than they had back in France.
Citizens were expected to be responsible, contributing members.
183
who was the british general in the capture of quebec
General James Wolfe
184
what nationality were most voyagers
Most were Canadiens— Francophone citizens of North America.
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Anishinabe resource gathering
Like the Mi'kmaq, the Anishinabe were hunter-gatherers.
One food source set them apart from other First Nations - Wild Rice
The harvest of Wild Rice was communal (everyone was supposed to harvest rice at the same time, in an organized way.
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Battle of Seven Oaks
LOOK IT UP YOURSELF, THE SLIDES DON'T HAVE IT. WELL? GET ON WITH IT!
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what did Samuel De Champlain and Pierre de Monts do
established a settlement at Port Royal (Nova Scotia) in 1605.
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The Thirteen Colonies
Colonists from Britain established 13 separate colonies along the eastern coast of the present-day United States. These colonies became known as “New England.”
Each colony was unique and had its own social structure, religious groups and type of government.
One key similarity between the colonies = Their economies were all based on producing various goods.
