Social

Question 1

Actor-observer effect

Answer 1

attributions of neg events - personality factors for others, situational factors for self

Question 2

Attribution

Answer 2

Internal/external
Dispositional/situational
Stable/unstable
Specific/global

Question 3

Central trait

Answer 3

Greater impact than others on impression

Question 4

Balance Theory

Answer 4

attitude change when two people have attitudes toward that same object

Question 5

Barnum effect

Answer 5

someone finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to anyone

Question 6

Behavioral Confirmation

Answer 6

people are motivated to confirm expectations others have on them, but not negative

Question 7

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 7

emtoions and bodily reactions occur at the same time

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 8

modifying congition when committed to something inconsistent with belief

Question 9

Congruity Theory

Answer 9

making predictions about which attitude changes on top of Balance Theory

Question 10

deindividuation

Answer 10

suspending one’s self-identity and adopting identity of group

Question 11

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 11

best chances of receiving help when only 1 bystander, the more, the lower chances

Question 12

Effectiveness research

Answer 12

studies psychotherapy as it is actually practiced

Question 13

Efficacy research

Answer 13

tight experimental control maximizes interal validity

Question 14

effort justification

Answer 14

spending sig time on unworthy task

Question 15

effort justification

Answer 15

spending sig time on unworthy task

Question 16

fundamental attribution error

Answer 16

attributes others’ failures to dispositional causes and underestimating situational variables

Question 17

Hedonic bias (self-serving bias)

Answer 17

people attribute own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors

Question 18

idiosyncrasy credits

Answer 18

tolerated for bering deviant from group norms; earned by initially conforming

Question 19

illusory correlation

Answer 19

tendency to overestimate slightly or un-correlated variables

Question 20

informational social influence

Answer 20

pressure to conform based on the assumption that other person has more info

Question 21

inoculation

Answer 21

given a mild argument against one’s belief and the belief strengthens (like vaccines)

Question 22

insufficient deterrence

Answer 22

does not perform desirable beh because of small deterrent

Question 23

insufficient justification

Answer 23

performs undesirable beh for small inducement

Question 24

interactional justice

Answer 24

informational justice & interpersonal justice

Question 25

James-Lange Theory

Answer 25

emotions result from perceiving bodily reactions or reponses

Question 26

Kelley's Personal Construct Theory

Answer 26

we perceive the world according to what we expect to see

Question 27

Lewin's field theory

Answer 27

beh is a function of the interaction between person and environment

Question 28

Milgram's study

Answer 28

providing shocks, power and obedience

Question 29

normative social influence

Answer 29

pressure to conform based on a need for approval and acceptance by group

Question 30

Overjustification Hypothesis

Answer 30

people loss interest after performing them for incentives; intrinsic -> extrinsic

Question 31

post decisional dissonance

Answer 31

faced with two good choices

Question 32

post decisional dissonance

Answer 32

faced with two good choices

Question 33

primacy effect

Answer 33

person who speaks first remembered best in long gap situations

Question 34

principle of parsimony (Occam's Razor)

Answer 34

best explanation is simplest and requires the fewest assumptions

Question 35

reactance

Answer 35

feel pressured by a message and increases resistance to persuasion

Question 36

reactance theory

Answer 36

not comply with request when freedom is threatened

Question 37

recency effect

Answer 37

person who speaks last remebered best in smaller gap situations

Question 38

reference group

Answer 38

people we admire, like and want to resemble

Question 39

Rosenthal effect (self-fulfilling prophecy)

Answer 39

cues by the experimenter that results in subjects conforming

Question 40

Schacter's 2-factor theory

Answer 40

emotions result from internal (hypothalamus and limbic sys) and external (context) cues

Question 41

Self-Enhancement Theory

Answer 41

people are motivated to think favorably of themselves and behave for others to think so too

Question 42

Self-perception Theory

Answer 42

people infer their attitudes by observing their beh

Question 43

self-serving bias

Answer 43

attributes own success to disposition factors and failures to situational factors

Question 44

Self-verification Theory

Answer 44

people are motivated to confirm their self-concept, even if negative

Question 45

sleeper effect

Answer 45

forgetting the source of communication over time, but remembering the message

Question 46

Social exchange theory

Answer 46

choosing most favorable reward to cost ratio as partner

Question 47

social facilitation

Answer 47

task performance increase in presence of others (taske simple or familiar)

Question 48

social identity theory

Answer 48

own's group more attractive and belittling outgroups

Question 49

social inhibitation

Answer 49

task performance decline in presence of others (task novel or complex)

Question 50

social loafing

Answer 50

don't work as hard when part of a group

Question 51

Symmetry Theory

Answer 51

considering intensity of relationship on top of Balance Theory

Question 52

Whitbourne's self-concept model

Answer 52

identity assimilation, identity accommodation, identity balance

Question 53

Learned helplessness

Answer 53

A learned expectation leads to depression