Developmental Flashcards
accommondation
modifying existing cog structure to adjust to reality demands
acoustic
pitch, tone, and volume
Activity theory
old age is fulfilling when remains active
Ainsworth’s attachment patterns
secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized-disoriented
assimilation
incorporating new info into existing cog structures
Authoritarian parenting
controlling and require unquestioned obedience
Authoritative parenting
firm, fair, and reasonable
babinski reflex
spreading toes and twisting foot
Baumrind’s Parenting Patterns
authoritarian, permissive (indifferent/indulgent), authoritative
Bronfenbrenner’ ecological model
microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem
Brown vs. Board of Education
Equal educational opportunities
Buckly admendment
federal law giving student over 18 and their parents the right to access school records
centrism
inabilty to focus on more than one aspect of problem at a time
chronosystem
role of the passage of time in the person’s life
Cognitive play stages
repetitive, constructive, imaginative, formal games with rules
critical period of development
if certain things don’t occur, unable to compensate
Decalage
unevenness in development in any area
deep dyslexia
mistakenly reads a given word as one with similar meaning
Down’s syndrome
three chromosomes on 21; metal retardation, broad skull, slanted eyes
echolalia
imitation of sounds without comprehension
Elkind’s adolescent thinking
personal fable, imaginary audience
embryonic period
2 wks until 8-12 wks
epigenesis
dev occur in a series of stages
Erikson’s psychosocial stages
hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, wisdom
exosystem
rel between two or more systems where one is indirect
fetal period
8-12 wks until birth
Gender-Schema theory
children use gender as a schema to organize their world
genotype
genetic makeup of a person - both expressed and unexpressed
germinal period
first 2 wks; zygote divides and implants itself onto uterus wall
Gilligan’s moral dev theory
Justice (men); Caring (women): individual survival, self-sacrifice, nonviolence
grasp reflex
making a firm fist
Griefing stages
numbness, yearning, disorganization & despair, resolution/reorganization
Harry Harlow
monkeys’ contact comfort
Health belief model
perceptions of vulnerablity and beliefs about illness influences health behavior
Hemophilia
excessive bleeding, mostly males
holophrasic speech
says the first word (10-14 mos)
imaginary audience
everyone is thinking about the same things, regarding themselves
Inductive discipline
calling attention to neg consequences for others of child’s beh
Information processing
focuses on quantitative changes that occur over the life span
inhibition
interference in learning
John Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Syndrome
Protest, Despair, Detachment
Klinefelter’s syndrome
XXY, only in men, taller, lower IQ, abnormal dev of sex characteristics
Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory
preconventional (4-10), conventional (10+), postconventional (13+)
Kubler-Ross Stages confronting own death (DABDA)
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Larry R. vs. Riles
banned the use of IQ tests for placing children in educable retarded classes (disproportionate amount of minority students)
Levinson’s Seaons of a Man’s Life theory
Early, Entering, Age 30, Settling down, Mid-life, Middle, Age 50, Late
Lorenz attachment
duckling imprinted 12-17 hrs after birth
macrosystem
culture, religion, economy and political systems
Mahler’s developmental stages
normal infantile autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapprochment, object constancy
Marcia’s adolescence dev stages
identity achievement, foreclosures, moratorium, identity diffusion
menarche
first mentrual period
mesosystem
interaction between various microsystems
microsystem
everyday environment the person encounters
moro reflex
extending legs, arms,and fingers, and arching back
morpheme
smallest meaningful unit of speech (daddy)
myelination
continue brain development: speed, attention, etc < 20s
neglect
misreads first or last half of words
object constancy
maintain image and unify good and bad of the mother
object permanence
people continue to exist even when the child cannot see them
perinatal period
1 pound of weight (in utero) to one month after birth
personal fable
belief self as special and rules don’t apply to them
phenotype
observable characteristics of the person
phoneme
smallest unit of speech (da)
phonological dyslexia
cannot read non-words aloud
Piaget’s moral dev theory
heteronomous morality (5-10), autonomous morality (10+)
Piaget’s stage theory
sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+)
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
metabolic disorder, mental retardation; autosomal recessive
plasticity
flexibility in functioning, recover from brain damage; < 7-8y.o.
primary aging
wear-and-tear theory
rooting reflex
turning head, opening mouth, sucking
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
speakers of different languages think differently
scaffolding
teachers adjust their levels of help base on child’s performance
secondary aging
results from desease, disues, and neglect of body
semantic
meaning
sensitive period of development
if certain things don’t occur, may be able to compensate
sexual dimorphism
systematic differences between different sex in the same species
Sickle-cell anemia
mostly in Af-Ams, deformed, fragile red blood cells that clog vessels
Social buffer hypothesis
perception of having an adequate social network reduces risk of emotional distress
Social play stages
solitary, parallel, associative, cooperative
spermarche
first ejaculation
surface dyslexia
cannot recognize words, but sounds them out
syntactic
grammatical
telegraphic speech
puts two words together (18-24 mos)
Temperament types
easy temperament, difficult temperament, slow-to-warm-up infants
teratogens
drugs, toxins, other environmental agents that interfere with normal prenatal dev
Turner’s syndrome
X0, in women, no menstruation, no ovulation
Vygotsky’s social dev theory of cognition
cognitive dev results from social interaction
zone of proximal development
difference between what can do w/ or w/o help
