Social Flashcards
Cherokee Nation v Hitchcock
when
what
1902
US Congress has the right to pass legislation that controls the actions and/or property of tribes in the United States without tribal consent.
Lone wolf v hitchcock
when
what
impact
1903
SC upheld the right of congress to revoke all treaties made w the NA and take away more land
eg fort Laramie
NA dependent on govt for food
Leavitt bill
aka
when
what
Dance order
1921 and 1923
Prohibited them from performing ritual traditions and ceremonies
Indian Reorganisation Act
aka
when
who
what
Wheeler howard
1934
congress
- Right to practice religion
- Right to undertake ceremonial dances and celebrations
- The ability to prevent the sale of their lands to individuals
- The extension of political rights to women
Meriam Report
1928
Report was the first American government report recognising this treatment of Native Americans as unconstitutional.
Showed Dawes act had failed- deprived land to NA
Native American schools underfunded + understaffed, NA most impoverished people in the country.
Strongly influenced policies
Rhoads reform
1929
improvements of NA schools and medical facilities
Termination policy
1953
Lands NAs occupied were wanted by mining and forestry companies.
Therefore, ended reservation policy, recognised NAs as normal American citizens, did not recognise any tribe.
NAs pushed to relocate and offered accommodation in cities.
Policy to speed up assimilation.
Treated them as independent and self-supporting
Those who did move to cities were working in poorly paid jobs and bad accommodation
Unemployment rate in NA 18%
Life expectancy NA was 44 years(20 years below national average)
Those who stayed in cities- established ghettos (preserved culture and witnessed the crm)
NA action didnt help
1971 — Occupation of Mt Rushmore — attempted to protect sacred burial grounds — got evicted and didn’t legally gain land back.
start of period- until 1970s Plains Wars — lack of unity, fighting between tribes, helped gov. fight rival tribes.
Siege of alcatraz
NA action did help
Siege of Alcatraz — gained mass publicity, 10,000 NAs joined together.
NCAI — first sign of NA unity — fought to end reservations and integrate NAs into normal society.
1971 — Occupation of Mt Rushmore — still set up camps and continued to claim the Black Hills so not complete failure.
AIM — quick progress in gaining rights, more militant group, led occupations of Wounded Knee (1973) and Mt Rushmore (1971)
Siege of Alcatraz
1969-71
NAs from a range of tribes demanded its return. Led by Richard Oaks
offered the government $24 dollars in beads and cloth, as that was the compensation given for the island of Manhattan.
Mass media- brought attention to arm
10,000 NAs visited the island during the siege. Important in uniting them. increased awareness. Encouraged further protests. Increased popularity of AIM
the militancy of their approach was counterproductive and went against NA beliefs. Violence split the movement.
Occupation of Mt Rushmore
1971
protestors established a camp at the sacred Sioux burial ground. Evicted but future camps made and continue to claim the land.
Indian Education Act
1972
Government funding to NA schools
Guaranteeing future generations of Native Americans the tools necessary to compete in modern society without necessitating the abandonment of native culture and practices,
Indian Education Assistance Act
1975
NAs had greater involvement in children’s education
Could teach culture and empowering tribes to exercise their sovereignty
Fisher v Montana
1976
tribal courts to decide on adoption rather than forcibly removing the child away as part of the ‘Americanisation’ policy.
Dawes Act
1887
Worsened the position and status of many NA women. Especially in tribes that were matriarchal (eg Iroquois and Cherokee) where the property belonged to women but under the Dawes Act was given to men.
