Economic

Question 1

Indian Reorganisation Act

Answer 1

1934

Wheeler Howard Act

prevented sale of land

Question 2

Navajo tribe and economic improvement

Answer 2

Adapted to the new farming procedures on reservations

Built up large flocks of sheep and goats

Inc size of their reservation

Considerable growth in their numbers

1868= 8k

1900= 22k

Question 3

Oneida v. Oneida and Madison Counties

Answer 3

1974

Oneida tribe brought a case to the supreme court to sue for the return of their lands. This was an important ruling as the court decided in favour of the tribe.

Question 4

United States v. Sioux Nation

Answer 4

1980

ruled that one of the major tribes were entitled to significant compensation for the loss of their lands encouraged others to pursue compensation for land lost in the black hills of Dakota. Sioux were awarded $17.5 mill compensation and 5% interest a year since 1877, which gave them another $106 mill. The Sioux rejected the compensation and preferred the return of the land.

Question 5

Seminole Tribe v. Butterworth

Answer 5

1982

supreme court gave the Seminole the right to establish gambling enterprises on tribal land. Went against state law, in doing so ruled that NA had their own rights on their own land.

Question 6

Dawes Act

Answer 6

1887

Divided the reservations up into plots or allotments which were given to the NA. As a result, they now owned the land and had full rights of citizenship.

• Undermined their position as it ignored the belief that land belonged to all creatures and couldn’t be owned by individuals.
• Resulted in a decline in land held by NA as much of it was bought by white settlers when the NAs were unable to farm it.
• Although they received money from the sale, they were often unable to manage such sums and slipped further into poverty and debt.
• Worsened the position and status of many NA women. Especially in tribes that were matriarchal (eg Iroquois and Cherokee) where the property belonged to women but under the Dawes Act was given to men.

Question 7

Charrier v Bell

Answer 7

1986

supreme court ruled that remains dug from burial grounds in Louisiana belonged to the NA. resulting in state passing laws which protected NA burial lands.

Question 8

NA actions did help

Answer 8

• 1973 — Occupation of Wounded Knee — lasted for 71 days and saw violence against gov. — aimed to draw attention to high unemployment rates among NAs, which stood at 15%, poor life expectancy (46yrs).

Question 9

NA actions didnt help

Answer 9

Other Americans had more influence than NA actions with reforms of New Deal — Rhoads Reforms (1929) Miriam Report (1928).
1980 — United States v. Sioux Nation — compensation for their lost land — $106m but didn’t want the money.

Question 10

WW1

Answer 10

100k in war effort

Role of choctaw talkers

didnt fight in seg units- though NA would aclimatise and assimilate