social

Question 1

what is conformity?

Answer 1

a change in behaviour or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure

Question 2

what does conformity show?

Answer 2

shows people will go along with others to fit into the group norm and going along with ones fears

Question 3

when was the Jenness study?

Answer 3

1932

Question 4

what did Jenness do in her study?

Answer 4

106 participants in groups of 3 , showed group a jar of jellybeans and asked “how many do you think is in there?” and to write it down.

Question 5

what happened when Jenness interviewed them individually?

Answer 5

the participants results got closer

Question 6

what did this show?

Answer 6

shows social influence has the ability to change thoughts to fit in

Question 7

what was a problem with the study?

Answer 7

it was unclear to see if they changed their thoughts or if it influenced

Question 8

when was the Asch study?

Answer 8

1951

Question 9

what did Asch want to find out?

Answer 9

if people would confirm even if people would conform even if it was an unambiguous answer

Question 10

what did Asch do in his study?

Answer 10

-asked 123 male college students a simple matching task
- had to say which one of the lines matched the alternative line

Question 11

what were the groups tested in?

Answer 11

-small groups and there was only one real (naïve) participants and the rest were confederates
-real sat at end of line

Question 12

what did the confederates do?

Answer 12

gave the wrong answer for the 12 out of 18 matching tasks to see how the real participant would respond

Question 13

what were the findings of the Asch study?

Answer 13

-average conformity rate of 37%
-on average 74% of participants conformed at least one
-26% of participants didn’t conform

Question 14

what was the conclusion of the Asch study?

Answer 14

participants are most likely to conform even to a simple task, when interviewed individually they changed answer to avoid public disapproval

Question 15

what are the strengths of the Asch study?

Answer 15

• controlled study
• debriefed participants
  -standardised
  -consent given

Question 16

what are the weaknesses of the Asch study?

Answer 16

• methodological: could still be biased as it isn’t representative (only uses male college students)
  -ethical: could leave the participant under distress and anxiety levels increase

Question 17

what is one factor that affects conformity?

Answer 17

-GROUP SIZE

Question 18

what happens when real participant is sat with ONE confederate?

Answer 18

conformity rate decreases from 37%

Question 19

what happens when real participant is sat with TWO confederates?

Answer 19

conformity rate decreases from 37% to 14%

Question 20

what happens when the real participants is sat with THREE confederates?

Answer 20

conformity rate increase up from 37%

Question 21

what is the conclusion of group size?

Answer 21

the more confederates the more likely to conform

Question 22

what is another factor that affects conformity?

Answer 22

UNANIMITY (support in the group)

Question 23

what does unanimity show?

Answer 23

when another group member gives a different answer from the rest the conformity rate decreases to 5%

Question 24

what is the conclusion of unanimity?

Answer 24

participant would less likely to conform as they have a similar answer

Question 25

what is the third factor that affects conformity?

Answer 25

task difficulty

Question 26

what does task difficulty?

Answer 26

when the task is difficult or unfamiliar the conformity rate increases

Question 27

what is the conclusion of task difficulty?

Answer 27

participant may fear getting answer wrong so they conform out of fear

Question 28

what was Aschs study criticised for?

Answer 28

use of confederates who may have not behaved in a natural manner

Question 29

what was the problem with confederates?

Answer 29

some may be better acting than others

Question 30

who researched if Asch’s study?

Answer 30

Mori and Arai

Question 31

what was Mori and Arai’s technique?

Answer 31

MORI technique
(manipulation of overlapping rivalrous images by polarising filters)

Question 32

what did Mori and Arai use?

Answer 32

used filter glasses so participants can view the same display yet see different things

Question 33

what did Mori and Arai do in their study?

Answer 33

-replicated Aschs line comparison with 104 participants in groups of 4 at a time
- three participants wore identical glasses with one wearing a different set

Question 34

what was an advantage of Mori and Arai’s study?

Answer 34

majority were no longer confederates and giving genuine judgements about comparison

Question 35

why did the minority always go to third?

Answer 35

to understand the factors which made conformity high or low

Question 36

what did they find for women only in the experiment?

Answer 36

new findings matched original research with minority participant influenced by majority on average of 4.41 to me out of 12

Question 37

what did they find fir males in the experiment?

Answer 37

males were not affected by majority view and conformity rates were very low

Question 38

what was a factor to why the men didn’t conform?

Answer 38

cultural differences and generational changes

Question 39

what is the argument against the study?

Answer 39

the participants knew each other

Question 40

what was said to base on the facts of the study?

Answer 40

“conforming behaviour among acquaintance is more important as a psychological research topic among strangers”

Question 41

what is thought where conforming takes place?

Answer 41

among family and friends

Question 42

what do Mori and Arai believe?

Answer 42

their approach will provide a useful meaning of Asch’s work where use of confederates would not be practical

Question 43

what are the differences between Asch and Mori & Arai’s study?

Answer 43

-Mori and Arai used a diverse group of men and women, more representative
- The participants knew each other in Mori and Arai’s study
-Participants knew they were going to be tested

Question 44

what are the evaluation issues in Mori and Arai’s study?

Answer 44

-they are still not protected from unnecessary stress
-participants most likely to conform if they know each other