attachment

Question 1

what is attachment?

Answer 1

attachment is a close emotional relationship, characterised by mutual connection with desire to maintain proximity

Question 2

what is interactional synchrony?

Answer 2

adults and babies mimicking each others facial expressions and body movements at the same time

Question 3

what is reciprocity?

Answer 3

adults and babies taking turns to mirror each others actions causing a rhythm

Question 4

what is caregiverese?

Answer 4

the adults use of speaking slowly and repetitive

Question 5

what is mimicking?

Answer 5

child’s tendency to copy adults facial expressions

Question 6

what is bodily contact?

Answer 6

the use of physical touch that helps with increased attachment especially after birth

Question 7

when was the Meltzoff and Moore study?

Answer 7

1977

Question 8

what did Meltzoff and Moore do in their study?

Answer 8

observed infants as young as 12 days ago and their response was rated

Question 9

what did the ratings show in the Meltzoff and Moore study?

Answer 9

showed infants imitated gestures; sticking tongue out, raising hand, opening mouth

Question 10

what is a strength of the Meltzoff and Moore study?

Answer 10

It is a modern study and used multiple observers providing the inter-rater ability and uses cameras to provide evidence

Question 11

what is a weakness of the study?

Answer 11

infants are unable to communicate their thoughts and could lead to bias and it bases of researchers conceptions

Question 12

what is an ethical issue if the study?

Answer 12

social sensitivity towards mothers and they may feel their life choices are criticised

Question 13

who discovered stages of attachment?

Answer 13

Schaffer

Question 14

what is the first stage of attachment and how old?

Answer 14

asocial (0-6 weeks) - babies respond to objects rather than humans in a similar way such as smiling

Question 15

what is the second stage of attachment and how old?

Answer 15

indiscriminate (6 weeks- 7 months) - handled by strangers without distress and no signs of separation or stranger anxiety. Discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar.

Question 16

what is the third stage of attachment and how old?

Answer 16

specific (7 months+) - has separation and stranger anxiety and prefers primary caregiver (mum)

Question 17

what is the fourth stage of attachment and how old?

Answer 17

multiple attachment (9 months+) - attachment towards a number of individuals, cousins, grandparents etc

Question 18

what is the fifth stage of attachment and how old?

Answer 18

reciprocal relationships phase (8-24 months onwards) - infants learn to predict response of others and how to influence the behaviour of those around them

Question 19

who did an investigation into interactional synchrony?

Answer 19

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

Question 20

who did they use in the experiment?

Answer 20

60 Glaswegian babies and 60 mothers of middle class

Question 21

what did Schaffer and Emerson do in the study?

Answer 21

data was collected for a year by observations and interviews at home with a follow up at 18 months

Question 22

what did they find in the study?

Answer 22

stranger anxiety around 25-32 weeks and stranger distress occurred a month later and a follow up at 18 months found that 87% has multiple attachments

Question 23

what did Schaffer and Emerson record?

Answer 23

stranger distress through ability to recognise strangers and seperation anxiety to when the caregiver left the room

Question 24

what does stronger attachment with mothers who gave constant interaction suggest?

Answer 24

suggests development occurs in quality of interaction leads to strength of attachment

Question 25

what is a strength of the Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 25

study included high level of mundane realism as strangers visiting would be normal

Question 26

what is weakness of the Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 26

a lack of representation as it only uses Glasweigan middle class individuals