social 12- chapter 2 Flashcards
What other parts of the world influenced US government?
French, Dutch, Spanish, Swedes, English, Romans
English brought what 3 forms of government?
ordered, limited, and representative
Ordered Government
orderly regulation of their relationships with one another
Limited Government
the idea that government is restricted in what it may do, and every individual has certain rights that the government can’t take away
Representative Government
Idea that government should serve the will of the people.
Magna Carta
King John… the great charter. included guarentees of such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law. Linited the monarchy’s power.
Petition of Right
Charles I…. limited the kings power. demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by judgement by peers or law of land. also insisted that the king may not impose martial law, or military rule.
English Bill of Rights
James II… William and Mary… Glorious Revolution… prohibited a standing army in peacetime. except with the consent of parliament, and required that all parliamentary elections be free.
Due Process
protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property.
First English Colony and Settlement? Last?
First: Colony: Virginia Settlement: Jamestown
Last: Colony: Georgia Settlement: Savannah
Charter
a written grant of authority from the king
Royal Colonies
(majority) were subject to the direct control of the crown.
Bicameral
two house legisature
Proprietary Colonies
,king gives someone land and they are in charge of that land (maryland, pennsylvania, and delaware)
unicameral
consists of only one house
Charter Colonies
Largely self governing (conneticut and rhode island)
What was the relationship between Britain and the colonies like in the min 1700s, and how did it change in the 1760s?
The relationship was good. Colonies were allowed a wide amount of self rule. but in 1970s britain started to deal more firmly with its colonies. started changing because king george III came to throne.
Albany Plan? Who proposed it?
annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies. they would have the power to raise militart and naval forces, make war and peace with the native americans, regulate trade with them, tax, and collect customs duties. Ben Franklin.
Boycott
refusing to use or but british made goods
What was the importance of the Second Continental Congress?
Served as the first government of the united states for 5years from he adoption of the declaration of independence until the articles of confederation went into effect.
What was the Declaration of Independence
a proclamation of independence proposed by Richard Henry Lee
What common features did state constitutions have in common?
- popular sovereignty
- limited government
- civil rights and liberties
- separation of powers/ and checks and balances
popular sovereignty
a government that exists only with the consent of the governed
Articles of Confederation
established a firm league of friendship among the states. Each state kept its sovereignty, freedom, and independence
ratification
formal approval
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
- only one vote for each state, regardless of size
- no executive power to enforce acts of congress
- Amendments require the consent of all states
- a 9/13 majority required to pass laws
- only a “firm league of friendship” among states
What was taking place at the Pliladelphia Convention?
(constitutional convention) began as an assembly to revise the existing articles of condeferation but soon evolved into a meeting to create an entirely new kind of government for the united states
framers
the delagates who attended the philadelphia convention. framers of the constitution.
Virginia Plan
called for a new government with 3 seperate branches: legislative, executive and judicial. this legislature would be bicameral. The members of the lower house, the house of representatives, were to be popularly elected in each state. those of the upper house, the senate, were to be chosen by the house from lists of persons nominated by the state legislatures. Also provided that all state officers should take an oath to support the union and that each state be guarenteed a republican form of government.
New Jersey Plan
retained the unicameral congress of the confederation, with each of the states equally represented. The plan would add closely limited powers to tax and regulate trade between states.
The Connecticut Compromise
It was agreed that congress should be composed of two houyses. in the smaller senate, the states would be represented equally. in the house, the representation of each state would be based on population. Dispute was dissolved.
Three-Fifths Compromise
(representation) provided that all “free persons” should be counted, and so, too, should “three fifths of all other persons.” others were slaves.
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
congress was forbidden the power to tax the export of goods from any state. Commerse control slaves and exporting.
Federalists
favored ratification
anti-federalists
opposed ratification
the lack on one major feature of the proposed constitution drew the heaviest fire, what was that feature?
a bill of rights
