Social 10 Unit 2 Review

Question 1

imperialism:

Answer 1

one country’s domination over another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions.

Question 2

historical globalization:

Answer 2

a period that is often identified as beginning in 1492, when Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Caribbean, and ending after World War ll, when the United states and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers

Question 3

Mercantilism:

Answer 3

a policy followed by European imperial powers from the 16th to the 19th century. In colonies, trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power.

Question 4

Capitalism:

Answer 4

an economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity.

Question 5

grand exchange:

Answer 5

a trading process that began when Christopher Columbus brought seeds, fruit trees, and livestock to the Americas, where they were cultivated and became staples. In return, the Native North American species were exported to Europe. This exchange expanded to include different countries and products around the world.

Question 6

industrial revolution:

Answer 6

the period between about 1750 and 1850, when work became mechanized and began to occur in factories. The Industrial Revolution brought about dramatic economic, social, and cultural change.

Question 7

legacy:

Answer 7

something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past.

Question 8

ethnocentrism:

Answer 8

a word that combines “ethnic” and “centre”. it refers to a way of thinking that centres on one’s own race and culture. Ethnocentric people believe that their worldview is the only valid one.

Question 9

depopulation:

Answer 9

a reduction in population caused by natural or human-made forces.

Question 10

deindustrialization:

Answer 10

the reduction in or loss of industries.

Question 11

gross domestic product(GDP):

Answer 11

the value of all the goods and services a country produces in a year. GDP is often used to measure the strength of a country’s economy.

Question 12

Indian act:

Answer 12

first passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1876 and amended several times since then, this act continues to define who is - and is not - a status Indian. Early versions of the act banned some traditional practices of First Nations cultures and allowed only those who renounced Indian status to vote in federal elections.

Question 13

status indian:

Answer 13

a First Nations person who is registered according to the provisions of the Indian Act and is therefore eligible to receive specific benefits.

Question 14

residential schools:

Answer 14

boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to work, live, and study. These schools were operated or subsidized by the Canadian government as an important element of the governments assimilation policy.

Question 15

when did Christopher Columbus make his first voyage to the caribbean?

Answer 15

1492

Question 16

when did the last residential school close?

Answer 16

1996

Question 17

when was the Indian act first passed?

Answer 17

1876

Question 18

cultural mosaic:

Answer 18

a society that is made up of many distinct cultural groups.

Question 19

multiculturalism:

Answer 19

an official Canadian government policy founded on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic

Question 20

cultural pluralism:

Answer 20

the idea that a variety of people are free to affirm and promote their identity, customs, traditions, beliefs, and language within a society.

Question 21

quiet revolution:

Answer 21

a period of intense social political, and economic change in Quebec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Quebecios began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.

Question 22

Genocide:

Answer 22

The mass killing of human beings, especially towards a targeted group of people.

Question 23

Gacaca courts:

Answer 23

community courts established in Rwanda to try low-level officials and ordinary people accused of taking part in the Rwandan genocide.

Question 24

what was the purpose of the gacaca courts?

Answer 24

The purpose of these courts was to speed up the process of bringing justice to those who had participated in the genocide and to encourage reconciliation.

Question 25

Apartheid:

Answer 25

An Afriaans word that refers to a policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa.

Question 26

Enemy Alien:

Answer 26

A label assigned during World War 1 and World War 2 to people from countries that were at war with Canada. The rights of enemy aliens were sometimes restricted, and some were even interned in camps.

Question 27

Non-Governmental Organization(NGO):

Answer 27

An organization established by groups of people to work toward specific goals and to gain public support in achieving these goals. NGOs depend on volunteer workers and donations, but they may also receive grants or contracts from governments. They may influence government policies at national and international levels.

Question 28

Foreign aid:

Answer 28

Money, supplies, and other goods, as well as expertise, are given by one country to another.

Question 29

Gross National Income (GNI):

Answer 29

the amount of money earned by everyone in a country.

Question 30

what economic system replaced mercantilism?

Answer 30

capitalism

Question 31

strict rules of mercantilism:

Answer 31

• colony’s raw materials were required to be shipped to the home country
• colonial entrepreneurs were not allowed to set up factories and use the colony’s raw materials to manufacture goods within the colony
• the products were made in the home country and then shipped back to the colony to be sold

Question 32

chattel slavery:

Answer 32

chattel is a possession. chattel slavery meant that the slaves and their descendants were the private property of their owner.

Question 33

eurocentrism:

Answer 33

a form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other peoples and their culture.

Question 34

indentured labour:

Answer 34

a form of contract labour in which labourers enter into an official agreement with their employer certifying that they will work for the employer either for a fixed length of time or until a debt has been paid. The indenture usually covered a period of four to seven years, but once this term ended, the worker was free.

Question 35

who sparked the scramble for africa?

Answer 35

King Leopold II of Belgium in the 1880s when he claimed all the lands drained by the Congo River and its tributes as his own personal property (today the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo)

Question 36

what were sepoys?

Answer 36

the British East India Company created an army with mostly British officers but enlisted men who were Indian, that were called sepoys

Question 37

when did the Raj start?

Answer 37

1858 (meaning rule in Hindi)

Question 38

when and how did India reach full independence?

Answer 38

in 1947 Mohandas Gandhi successfully led India to full independence through his strategy of swadeshi, a Hindi word that means “self-sufficiency”

Question 39

what are some driving forces of coloniation during early contact?

Answer 39

• Imperialistic ambitions
• Eurocentrism and ethnocentrism
• technological developments
• secure access to resources
• growing consumer appetite for material goods

Question 40

when did Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) claim Newfoundland for Britain?

Answer 40

1497

Question 41

when did Jacques Cartier sail up the St. Lawrence to claim land for France?

Answer 41

1535

Question 42

when was the 7 year war?

Answer 42

1756 to 1763 - competition between France and Britain (Britain won)

Question 43

between 1790 and 1845 how many immigrants arrived in canada?

Answer 43

between 1790 and 1845, more than 750,000 immigrants arrived in Canada.

Question 44

what two broad classes of land claims were recognized in 1973?

Answer 44

comprehensive (claims could be launched in areas where treaties had never been signed)
and specific(realted to treaty conditions that had not been met in areas where treaties had been signed)

(1973)

Question 45

when was the quiet revolution?

Answer 45

around 1960 to 1966

Question 46

who was Lionel Groulx?

Answer 46

a catholic priest and historian who said that Quebec must support Catholicism as a way of maintaining their own language culture and values to avoid being assimilated. This movement started the quiet revolution.

Question 47

goals of the UN?

Answer 47

• keep the peace, security, and friendly relations among the
  countries of the world
• promote human rights
• protect the environment
• to fight poverty and disease
• help refugees

Question 48

Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
:

Answer 48

formed in 2002 by the United Nations which discusses issues related to Indigenous economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health, and human rights.