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Soc Sci Section 3 24-25 > Soc Sci S3 Facts > Flashcards

Soc Sci S3 Facts Flashcards

1
Q

An artificial element that could be found in sediment core samples as a result of nuclear weapons testing

A

plutonium - 239

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2
Q

News report and educational content raising awareness of climate change refers to the

A

Anthropocene

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3
Q

For Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer, “Anthropocene” designated a new geological epoch that recognizes the

A

“central role of mankind in geology and ecology”

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4
Q

What did the Anthropocene coincide with in the late 18th century according to Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer

A

The popularization of the steam engine and early records of growing greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere

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5
Q

What did the AWG offer a list of that is associated with the Anthropocene

A

phenomena

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6
Q

The Holocene is best described as what kind of period

A

interglacial

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7
Q

What was the Holocene characterized by

A

the significant ice cover across the globe

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8
Q

What influences the interaction between solar energy and the Earth System

A

The orbit of Earth

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9
Q

Led to previous cycles of ice ages and interglacials

A

the orbit of Earth

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10
Q

Set the Earth’s climate in the direction of rapid warming instead of a cooling period

A

Anthropogenic/Human-Related causes

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11
Q

A study of what shows the largest warmind trends

A

temperature variability

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12
Q

Is happening more evenly around the glove than past climate change

A

Global Warming

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13
Q

Cooler temperatures on average does not mean

A

temperature were cooler everywhere at once

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14
Q

What was LIA caused by

A

solar forcings and volcanic forcings

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15
Q

Discussions of the Industrial Revolution brings to mind

A

large coal-powered factories and soot-covered workers who were sometimes still children

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16
Q

Paul Crutzen And Eugene Stoermer argued making the popularization of the what is the starting date of the Anthropocene

A

Steam Engine

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17
Q

The introduction of the coal-powered steam engine was a land moment in the history of

A

humans burning fossil fuels to produce the energy that powers the machines

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18
Q

1800 might have marked the start of technology that has

A

resulted in large greenhouse gas emissions

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19
Q

A story of the human conquest of nature and of the human capacity for perpetual growth

A

the Industrial Revolution

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20
Q

What began to increase around 1950

A

The scale of human activities that altered the Earth System

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21
Q

A key factor in the “Great Acceleration”

A

the rise in the human population

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22
Q

New research supports that what is causing global warming

A

higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

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23
Q

What causes different types if changes at different layers of the atmosphere

A

Rising carbon dioxide levels throughout the atmosphere

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24
Q

Temperatures are rising in what layer of the atmosphere

A

troposphere

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25
Q

Which atmosphere layers is air thinner and colder

A

The higher layers

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26
Q

What is created due to the different temperature reaction in the atmosphere layers

A

instability

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27
Q

What do graphs that represent the correlation between high greenhouse gas concentrations and rising global surface temp. not show

A

Why or how humans are releasing those gases into the atmosphere

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28
Q

Fossil fuels are formed from

A

the remains of living organisms from past geological epochs

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29
Q

Where are the remains of living organisms that form fossil fuels located and what is the carbon restricted from doing due to it

A

The remains are stored within the Earth, so the carbon in the fossil fuels won’t interact with the Earth’s subsystems in the surface

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30
Q

How do humans utilize fossil fuels

A

Burning them for energy

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31
Q

What was coal burned for in the 19th century

A

To power steam machines

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32
Q

What was coal continued to be used for in the 20th and 21st centuries

A

Power electric plants and petroleum, and to power machines

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33
Q

What happens to carbon and other chemicals once fossil fuels are burned

A

they are released as gases into the atmosphere and once in the atmosphere, they serve as greenhouse gases and warm the surface temperature of the Earth

34
Q

An important factor in the extraction of fossil fuels and their emission as greenhouse gases

A

Geography

35
Q

Where fossil fuels were used depended on what

A

which regions has the wealth and political power to build infrastructure for them

36
Q

Which area industrialized and created cities and transportation system in the 19th and 20th centuries that required a lot of fossil fuels to maintain

A

The West - mostly regions in the Global North, including Western Europe and North America

37
Q

Who in 2020 was the top producer and consumer of oil

A

US

38
Q

What did western corporations and governments do when Europeans discovered oil

A

They acted to establish a means of controlling the oil

39
Q

Western powers prioritize what over supporting democracy in oil-rich regions

A

gaining access to oil

40
Q

What did the global geopolitics and British colonial influence shape in the Iraqi city of Kirkuk

A

the contours of local urban life and strained relationships

41
Q

What spurred some people to build wealth at the expense of other people’s freedom and economic viability

A

The value of black gold

42
Q

What makes up the majority of global greenhouse gas emissions

A

Burning of fossil fuels

43
Q

Sources of fossil fuels

A

coal, oil , and gas

44
Q

2 gases that aren’t produced by fossil fuels but are greenhouse gases

A

methane and nitrous oxide

45
Q

Around 1500, Europeans spread out and created colonies that

A

valuable natural resources and human labor that was used to create great wealth

46
Q

When industrialization began, European nations used the wealth to

A

build factories and industrial infrastructure

47
Q

Why did western powers maintain relationship with colonial subjects

A

to produce natural resources and transport them to the West for consumption or manufacturing

48
Q

The consumption of fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases were concentrated where

A

the Western world

49
Q

In which area housed the urban centers of industrialization

A

the Western world

50
Q

Europe and the West came to see themselves as

A

modern or “developed”

51
Q

Which countries benefited from industrialization for centuries

A

Western countries

52
Q

Why did wealthy countries in Western Europe invest in technology

A

to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and have cut emissions

53
Q

Which country cut its greenhouse gas emissions from higher levels in the early 2000s

A

The US

54
Q

Which countries increased their greenhouse gas emissions

A

China and India

55
Q

What country is the world’s leading greenhouse gas emitter

A

China

56
Q

Which country moved up to 4th place in greenhouse gas emissions

A

India

57
Q

India is behind which 2 countries in greenhouse gas emissions

A

U.S. and EU

58
Q

The US and Europe used fossil fuels as a means of

A

achieving prosperity for their inhabitants and to build societies

59
Q

China’s exports are largely consumed by

A

people in the U.S. and Europe

60
Q

What are the 3 components of the triple planetary crisis

A

climate change, air pollution, and biodiversity loss

61
Q

The 3 notable areas that are particularly impactful for human societies

A

fires, floods, and drought

62
Q

Abnormally severe fires have ravaged in what areas

A

Greece, Australia, California, Canada, and Hawaii

63
Q

Warmer temperatures amplify

A

the dry and windy conditions that fuel and spread fires

64
Q

What new developments are vulnerable to local fires

A

building housing communities deeper into forests

65
Q

The result of melting glaciers and warmer ocean temperatures

A

Rising sea levels

66
Q

Threaten densely populated coastal communities

A

rising sea levels

67
Q

What does sea level rise accelerate

A

coastal erosion

68
Q

What struck Florida in 2022 that caused over 100 fatalities and over billions in damages

A

Hurricane Ian

69
Q

Increased flooding amplified by climate change is expected to continue where

A

India

70
Q

Warmer temperatures over large bodies of water can result in

A

more water in the atmosphere and increased precipitation

71
Q

What area is 100 times more likely to experience drought

A

the Horn of Africa

72
Q

What area is more likely to experience hear as a result of climate change

A

the Western Mediterranean

73
Q

An absolute necessity and essential to food production

A

Water

74
Q

What is the first important insight related to health risks associated with climate change

A

Certain groups have higher susceptibility to climate-sensitive health impacts

75
Q

What is the second important insight related to health risks associated with climate change

A

Many infectious diseases, including water-borne ones, are highly sensitive to climate conditions

76
Q

What is the third important insight related to health risks associated with climate change

A

Climate change lengthens the transmissions season and expands the geographical range of many diseases

77
Q

What is the fourth important insight related to health risks associated with climate change

A

Climate change will bring new and emerging health issues, including heatwaves and other extreme events

78
Q

What is the fifth important insight related to health risks associated with climate change

A

Malnutrition and undernutrition influenced by floods and drought

79
Q

In the U.S., climatic conditions have been a facet of the decision to

A

stop insuring property in regions susceptible to fire or flood

80
Q

Immigration caused by what has been a source of political conflict

A

war and other factors

Soc Sci Section 3 24-25 (7 decks)

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