Soc Sci S1 Bold Vocab

Question 1

A relatively new scientific approach to studying the natural world

Answer 1

Earth System Science (ESS) ; pg. 5

Question 2

the 4 classifications of the ESS system

Answer 2

Subsystems ; pg. 6

Question 3

the subsystem that includes earth and rock

Answer 3

Geosphere ; pg. 6

Question 4

the subsystem that includes water and ice

Answer 4

Hydrosphere ; pg. 6

Question 5

the subsystem that includes living organisms

Answer 5

Biosphere ; pg. 6

Question 6

External forces that alter the balance of the subsystems

Answer 6

Forcings ; pg. 6

Question 7

phenomenon where climate change causes a reaction that amplifies the initial direction of climate change

Answer 7

Positive Feedbacks ; pg. 6

Question 8

phenomenon where climate change causes a reaction that goes against the initial direction of climate change

Answer 8

Negative Feedbacks ; pg. 6

Question 9

the scope of the investigation; can be large or small, either geographically or chronologically

Answer 9

Scales ; pg. 6

Question 10

Another word for geosphere and incorporates the greek words for rock or stone

Answer 10

Lithosphere ; pg. 6

Question 11

a measure of time based on the record of rocks in which change is sometimes measured at the pace of millions or billions of years

Answer 11

Geological Time Scale ; pg. 7

Question 12

The subsystem for ice

Answer 12

Cryosphere ; pg. 7

Question 13

The concentration of certain gases (one is carbon dioxide) released from the Earth’s other subsystems traps heat in the lower layers of the atmosphere

Answer 13

Greenhouse gas Effect ; pg. 7

Question 14

Pattern of Earth’s movement in relation to the Sun that influence the Sun’s impact on climate change overtime

Answer 14

Milankovitch cycles ; pg. 7

Question 15

Point of no return when changes in a climate system become irreversible

Answer 15

Tipping point ; pg. 9

Question 16

A physical repository of documents

Answer 16

Archive ; pg. 10

Question 17

Natural features that show evidence of being impacted by specific climate conditions

Answer 17

Proxy ; pg. 10

Question 18

Water is released from clouds

Answer 18

Precipitation ; pg. 12

Question 19

Consists of a group of scholars who share common practices for studying the type of evidence they analyze

Answer 19

Scholarly field ; pg. 14

Question 20

field that reconstructs past climates utilizing methods for studying sources in nature, like ice core samples

Answer 20

Historical climatology ; pg. 14

Question 21

Another thing for historical climatology

Answer 21

Paleoclimatology ; pg. 14

Question 22

academic field that uses methods of historians and studies sources produced by human to reconstruct past climate conditions

Answer 22

Climate history ; pg. 14

Question 23

New interdisciplinary field that focuses on the history of the relationship between climate and human societies

Answer 23

History of climate and society (HCS) ; pg. 14

Question 24

Matter left behind by formerly living organisms that can be burned to create energy that releases carbon

Answer 24

Fossil Fuels ; pg . 16

Question 25

Method of telling historical narratives in which climate drives social and environmental changes overtime

Answer 25

Climate Determinism ; pg. 19

Question 26

Something that causes something else to occur

Answer 26

Causal mechanisms ; pg. 19

Question 27

A subsystem that includes the layers of gases encircling Earth

Answer 27

Atmosphere ; pg. 5