Soc Sci S1 All Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

A relatively new scientific approach to studying the natural world

A

Earth System Science (ESS) ; pg. 5

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2
Q

the 4 classifications of the ESS system

A

Subsystems ; pg. 6

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3
Q

the subsystem that includes earth and rock

A

Geosphere ; pg. 6

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4
Q

the subsystem that includes water and ice

A

Hydrosphere ; pg. 6

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5
Q

the subsystem that includes living organisms

A

Biosphere ; pg. 6

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6
Q

External forces that alter the balance of the subsystems

A

Forcings ; pg. 6

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7
Q

phenomenon where climate change causes a reaction that amplifies the initial direction of climate change

A

Positive Feedbacks ; pg. 6

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8
Q

phenomenon where climate change causes a reaction that goes against the initial direction of climate change

A

Negative Feedbacks ; pg. 6

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9
Q

the scope of the investigation; can be large or small, either geographically or chronologically

A

Scales ; pg. 6

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10
Q

Another word for geosphere and incorporates the greek words for rock or stone

A

Lithosphere ; pg. 6

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11
Q

a measure of time based on the record of rocks in which change is sometimes measured at the pace of millions or billions of years

A

Geological Time Scale ; pg. 7

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12
Q

The subsystem for ice

A

Cryosphere ; pg. 7

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13
Q

The concentration of certain gases (one is carbon dioxide) released from the Earth’s other subsystems traps heat in the lower layers of the atmosphere

A

Greenhouse gas Effect ; pg. 7

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14
Q

Pattern of Earth’s movement in relation to the Sun that influence the Sun’s impact on climate change overtime

A

Milankovitch cycles ; pg. 7

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15
Q

Point of no return when changes in a climate system become irreversible

A

Tipping point ; pg. 9

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16
Q

A physical repository of documents

A

Archive ; pg. 10

17
Q

Natural features that show evidence of being impacted by specific climate conditions

A

Proxy ; pg. 10

18
Q

Water is released from clouds

A

Precipitation ; pg. 12

19
Q

Consists of a group of scholars who share common practices for studying the type of evidence they analyze

A

Scholarly field ; pg. 14

20
Q

field that reconstructs past climates utilizing methods for studying sources in nature, like ice core samples

A

Historical climatology ; pg. 14

21
Q

Another thing for historical climatology

A

Paleoclimatology ; pg. 14

22
Q

academic field that uses methods of historians and studies sources produced by human to reconstruct past climate conditions

A

Climate history ; pg. 14

23
Q

New interdisciplinary field that focuses on the history of the relationship between climate and human societies

A

History of climate and society (HCS) ; pg. 14

24
Q

Matter left behind by formerly living organisms that can be burned to create energy that releases carbon

A

Fossil Fuels ; pg . 16

25
Q

Method of telling historical narratives in which climate drives social and environmental changes overtime

A

Climate Determinism ; pg. 19

26
Q

Something that causes something else to occur

A

Causal mechanisms ; pg. 19

27
Q

A new geological era in which humans have become the driving force in planetary change ; the era in which we live today

A

Anthropocene ; pg. 5

28
Q

Scholars and the public use this term to describe a complex process of changes in the natural world

A

climate change ; pg. 5

29
Q

Refers to the design of greenhouses that capture heat from the Sun and are commonly used for agriculture

A

greenhouse gases ; pg. 8

30
Q

Reactions to climate change caused by forcings

A

feedbacks ; pg. 8

31
Q

The places that holds sources that were produced by humans and includes info about the climate

A

archives of society ; pg. 10

32
Q

The place that holds sources from nature

A

archives of nature ; pg. 10

33
Q

A technique that involves the drilling of long cylinders of ice out of deep glaciers

A

Ice core sampline ; pg. 10

34
Q

The practoce of gathering information from trees

A

Dendrochronology ; pg. 11

35
Q

A study of climate that relies primarily on the archives of nature

A

Climatology ; pg. 14

36
Q

A subsystem that includes the layers of gases encircling Earth

A

Atmosphere ; pg. 5