Soc of Youth Flashcards
What is the age range typically defined as youth?
15-25
Youth is often defined within a specific age range, which can vary by context.
Who first used the term ‘adolescent’?
G. Stanley Hall
Hall is recognized for his contributions to the understanding of adolescence.
What are the four dimensions of C. Wright Mills’ sociological imagination?
- Historical
- Cultural
- Structural
- Critical
These dimensions help analyze how various factors shape youth experiences.
What does the term ‘ethnocentrism’ refer to?
The belief in the superiority of one’s own culture over others
Ethnocentrism can lead to misunderstandings of different cultural practices.
What is meant by ‘bounded agency’?
The ability to make choices limited by social structures
This concept highlights the tension between individual choices and societal constraints.
Fill in the blank: Youth is a ______ category that changes over time.
social
Youth is not a biological category but socially constructed.
What age is generally considered the start of adulthood in many cultures?
18
This age often marks legal adulthood in many societies.
What is the significance of marriage laws in defining adulthood?
They serve as social markers for adulthood, indicating financial independence and living arrangements
Marriage laws reflect cultural attitudes toward adulthood.
What is the ‘roleless role’ concept in emerging adulthood?
A period of exploration without fixed role requirements
Emerging adulthood is characterized by exploration in various life aspects.
What are the five characteristics of emerging adulthood according to Jeffrey Arnett?
- Age of identity exploration
- Age of instability
- Age of self-focus
- Age of feeling in between
- Age of possibilities
These characteristics describe the unique experiences of emerging adults.
True or False: Adolescence and youth are synonymous.
False
The categories of adolescence and youth can be malleable and are not necessarily the same.
What is the term for cultural groups within a larger culture that share common interests?
Subculture
Subcultures can influence youth identities and experiences.
What does ‘critical consumption’ refer to?
The analysis of how cultural products are consumed and the meanings they hold
Critical consumption encourages awareness of cultural influences.
What is the difference between ‘race’ and ‘ethnicity’?
Race refers to physical characteristics, while ethnicity refers to cultural identity
Both concepts are important in understanding social dynamics.
What is the significance of ‘social desirability bias’?
It influences how individuals present themselves socially
This bias can affect survey results and self-reported data.
What does Judith Butler’s theory suggest about gender?
Gender is performed and constructed through societal norms
Butler’s work challenges traditional notions of fixed gender identities.
What does the term ‘hegemonic masculinity’ refer to?
The dominant form of masculinity that is idealized in society
This concept highlights the pressures on men to conform to societal standards.
Fill in the blank: The concept of ‘habitus’ refers to a collection of ______ acquired through social conditions.
skills
Habitus reflects how individuals learn to behave within their cultural context.
What is a key criticism of structural functionalism in relation to youth?
It overlooks individual agency and the complexities of social change
Critics argue that structural functionalism simplifies the role of youth in society.
What is the impact of neoliberalism on youth?
It shapes values and ideas about youth in society
Neoliberalism can influence the opportunities available to young people.
What is the Incel movement?
Involuntary celibate movement characterized by feelings of anger and violence due to inability to form romantic relationships
The movement often highlights issues related to hegemonic masculinity and societal expectations.
Define white solipsism.
Looking at things from a white perspective or lens
This concept emphasizes the limitations of understanding diverse experiences solely through a white viewpoint.
What are the two phases of re-conceptualizing ethnicities according to Stuart Hall?
- Homogenization of people of colour
- Heterogeneity of multiple identities
This approach recognizes the complexities within racial and ethnic identities.
What does cultural hybridity refer to?
The blending of different cultural practices and identities
It reflects the influence of globalization and migration on cultural identities.
What is multiculturalism, and why is it considered problematic?
Multiculturalism is the coexistence of diverse cultures; it is problematic because it often lacks depth in understanding cultural differences
The superficial treatment of multiculturalism can lead to misunderstandings and stereotypes.
Who coined the term intersectionality?
Kimberlé Crenshaw
Intersectionality examines how various social identities intersect and affect individuals’ experiences of oppression.
What is the significance of knowledge production in the Global North?
Most research on youth is conducted in the Global North, often reflecting its biases
This highlights the need for more inclusive research that considers global perspectives.
What does the phrase ‘view from nowhere’ imply?
Knowledge is not neutral and value-free; perspectives are shaped by context
This challenges the idea of objective knowledge in social sciences.
What was the focus of education in French Canada during the 1600s?
Education primarily provided to boys, emphasizing reading, writing, math, and religion
The education system was heavily influenced by Catholic teachings.
What significant change occurred in Canadian education in the 1790s?
A push for publicly funded schools, moving away from religious control
This was part of a broader movement towards secular education.
Who was Egerton Ryerson, and what was his contribution to education in Ontario?
First superintendent of education in Ontario, created the current education system and standards
His work included the establishment of teacher training and curriculum development.
What was the impact of the 1871 compulsory school attendance law?
Rise in Grammar schools and public education access
This law marked a significant step towards universal education in Canada.
What did the Quiet Revolution in Quebec signify for education?
A shift towards a more secular education system, reducing the power of the Catholic Church
This period marked significant social change and resistance to religious control in education.
What was the purpose of the 1847 report regarding Indigenous education?
Set the foundation for the residential school model for Indigenous peoples
It aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.
What percentage of Canadian adults have graduated from college or university?
56%
This statistic highlights Canada’s high level of educational attainment.
What was the first university established in Canada?
Laval University, founded in 1663
It is the oldest degree-granting institution in Canada.
What does the term ‘massification’ refer to in education?
The expansion of access to higher education
This concept indicates a shift towards broader participation in post-secondary education.
What is the relationship between education and social inequality?
Education can reflect and perpetuate existing social inequalities
Factors like gender, ethnicity, and class can influence access and success in education.
Define ‘class ceiling.’
Limitations faced based on one’s socioeconomic status
This concept points to barriers that prevent individuals from advancing in education or careers due to their class background.
