Qual Exam 2 Flashcards
Data collection
The process of systematically gathering information for research purposes, which can involve various methods and sources.
Research questions (vs hypotheses)
Research questions guide qualitative research by exploring phenomena, while hypotheses predict outcomes in quantitative research, providing a clear direction for testing.
Naturally occurring vs researcher/subject produced
Naturally occurring data is spontaneously happening, while researcher/subject-produced data is intentionally created for the research purpose.
Inscription
The act of recording or documenting data, often through written notes, audio recordings, or other forms of documentation.
Participant observation
Researchers actively engage with subjects in their natural environment, observing and sometimes participating in activities.
Field notes
Detailed records and observations made by researchers during participant observation or fieldwork.
Horizons of meaning
The cultural context that influences the interpretation of data and shapes the understanding of participants
Text and visual data
Different forms of information, where text refers to written or verbal information, and visual data includes images or visual representations
Culture
The shared beliefs, values, practices, and norms of a particular group or society
Commercial media/accounts
Media or accounts created for profit, often shaped by commercial interests.
Visual ethnography
Studying cultures through visual means, such as photographs or videos, to gain insights into cultural practices
Pre-existing/Research-created images
Images that either exist before the research or are purposely created for the research study
Photo-elicitation
Using photographs as a tool to prompt discussion and gather additional insights during interviews or focus groups
Bibliographical visual and textual data
Data derived from written and visual sources, including books, articles, and visual materials
Participant (subject) produced images
Images created by study participants, offering their perspectives and experiences
Photo voice
A method where participants use photos to express their experiences and perspectives, often for social change
Cultural appropriation
The adoption or borrowing of elements from another culture, often without understanding or respecting its significance
Naturally-occurring autobiographical texts
Personal narratives and stories that happen spontaneously in everyday life
Textual autobiographies
Written life stories, providing a detailed account of an individual’s experiences
Interviews and focus groups
Methods of collecting information through direct interaction with participants, either one-on-one (interviews) or in a group setting (focus groups)
Oral history vs in-depth interviews
Oral history involves narratives of historical events, while in-depth interviews explore detailed personal experiences
Interview questions
Questions designed to gather information and insights from participants
Single participant
Interviewing one person at a time to gather in-depth information about their experiences or perspectives
Couple/Dyadic interviews
Interviews conducted with pairs of participants, often to explore relationships or shared experiences
Focus groups
Group discussions with multiple participants, providing a collective perspective on a topic
Synchronous vs asynchronous
Synchronous communication happens in real-time, while asynchronous communication involves delays, often seen in online interactions
In-person vs computer mediated
In-person interactions occur face-to-face, while computer-mediated interactions take place through digital platforms
Open vs closed-ended interrogatives
Open-ended questions allow for detailed responses, while closed-ended questions prompt brief or specific answers
Prompts
Cues or stimuli used to guide discussion or responses from participants
Clarifying questions
Questions asked to gain a better understanding or clear up any confusion
Candidate understandings
Perspectives and interpretations provided by participants
Matching theory
Aligning research findings with existing theoretical frameworks to draw meaningful conclusions
Rapport
Building a positive and trusting relationship between the researcher and participants
Active listening
Fully engaging in a conversation, demonstrating attentiveness and understanding
Disclosure
Participants sharing personal information during the research process
Managing responses
Handling participant reactions, emotions, or sensitive information appropriately
Data analysis
The process of interpreting and making sense of collected information
Thematic
Identifying and analyzing recurring themes or patterns within the data
Analytic description
Providing a detailed analysis of a particular phenomenon or aspect of the data
Interpretative autobiography
Analyzing personal stories and narratives to gain deeper insights
Discourse analysis
Studying language and communication patterns to understand underlying meanings
Sampling
The process of selecting participants or elements for a study
Sampling unit
Individual elements within a sample that are subject to analysis
Purposive sampling
Selecting participants with a specific purpose or characteristics relevant to the research
Snowball sampling
Participants referring others to participate in the study
Saturation
The point at which new data doesn’t provide additional insights or information
Theoretical generalizability
Applying research findings to broader theoretical concepts or frameworks
Validity
The accuracy and reliability of the data collected
Appropriateness of data
Assessing the relevance and suitability of the collected information
Goodness of fit
Evaluating the compatibility of the data with the research goals and objectives
Member checking
Participants verifying or confirming the accuracy of research findings
Triangulation
Using multiple methods, data sources, or perspectives to enhance the credibility of the study
Presentation of findings
Communicating and sharing the results of the research study
Role of threes
A presentation strategy involving the grouping or structuring of information in sets of three for clarity and emphasis
Excerpt
A short portion or extract of text or data taken from a larger source
Integrative
Combining various elements, perspectives, or findings into a cohesive understanding
Decolonization and Indigenous women’s experiences of breast cancer
A research focus exploring the impact of decolonization on the experiences of Indigenous women with breast cancer.
Colour blind discourse/modern racism
Researching and analyzing attitudes related to race, particularly in the context of modern racism or color-blind discourse
Subjective experiences of PCOS
Investigating the personal and subjective experiences of individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
University students’ experiences of study drug use
Exploring the experiences and perceptions of university students regarding the use of study drugs for academic purposes
Masculinist ideology and Men’s Health magazine
Examining how masculinist ideologies are portrayed in Men’s Health magazine and exploring their impact on societal perceptions of masculinity
