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Soc 100 > SOC Midterm 2 > Flashcards

SOC Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Can-con”?

A

Canadian Content- a federal government policy of quotas that guarantee Canadian content and art is represented in the media

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2
Q

What is media convergence?

A

The combination of otherwise different laws, technologies and regulations

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3
Q

Regulatory convergence:

A

Deregulation that leads to media industries that are identical (apple vs. samsung)

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4
Q

What is horizontal integration (media)

A

The expansion of one type of industry into other industries.

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5
Q

What is vertical integration (media)

A

Expanded control of the production process (one industry)

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6
Q

What is technological convergence?

A

A device that allows text, sound, image, and video.
“The electronic equivalent of a Swiss army knife.”

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7
Q

Why does Canada have little or no locally produced media?

A

Canada is sparsely populated - U.S media ownership

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8
Q

What is meant by the “public sphere”?

A

Society / citizens deliberate important matters that shape society. Very important for democracy
(laws, policies)

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9
Q

What is meant by the “private sphere”?

A

The private places of families and friends. (home)

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10
Q

Which are the three areas that compose the bourgeois public sphere of debate? (Habermas)

A

Status- For public debates to be open, opinions must be voiced no matter of status.

Domain of common concern- Issues addressed in the public sphere must concern the majority and not restrict to interests of small influential groups.

Inclusivity: Issues must be open and accessible to everyone in terms of content.

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11
Q

Is the public sphere inclusive of all?

A

No, many groups were discluded from the public sphere when discussions took place.
Many “private sphere” issues were not discussed though they are of public concern.

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12
Q

What the digital public sphere? How has is it effected the public sphere?

A

Digital spaces where all people have the same opportunity to participate in discussion

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13
Q

What is Katz and Lazarsfeld’s theory on uses and gratifications of media?

A

More attention needs to be directed to what people do with the media.

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14
Q

Do interactive audiences
a. Consume content
b. Share content
c. Provide feedback
d. all of the above

A

d

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15
Q

Is there diversification of the media? Explain.

A

No.
There is a small number of industries that own the media, creating the illusion of diversification.

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16
Q

Why is cultural imperialism of the media problematic?

A

There are symbols in the media that represent certain social groups, when those who cannot afford to look or act as those represented they feel discluded.

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17
Q

What is meant by media accountability?

A

Many industries have a “national label” (tim hortons) but belong to many different countries and industries. Who is accountable for them?

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18
Q

What are the three central concerns of globalization of the media?

A

Diversification
Cultural Imperialism
Accountability

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19
Q

What are the challenges caused by media literacy in the education system?

A
  1. Being able to differentiate reliable sources from fake ones
  2. Digital literacy- complex cognitive, motor, sociological, and emotional skills needed to function in a digital environment”
  3. Educational system needs to understand the digital literacy needed for 21st century jobs.
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20
Q

What is the difference between “digital immigrants” and “digital natives”

A

Digital immigrants learned technology later in life while digital natives did not know a time before the internet.

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21
Q

How does media literacy affect a person’s health and employment?

A

Can combat misinformation on health issues and boost employability

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22
Q

What do conflict theorists think about mass media?

A

Mass media influences the dominant ideology. - keeping governments and institutions in check.

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23
Q

How has new media impacted consumer culture?

A

Advertisements are light-hearted and appeal consumers to purchase goods and services.
Encoding messages of appropriate consumption practices (valentines day)

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24
Q

What is the difference between media literacy and digital literacy?

A

Media literacy refers to being able to access a wide range of media with digital literacy refers to understanding it.

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25
Q

What is the difference between misinformation and disinformation?

A

Mis- false info spread unintentionally
Dis- false info spread intentionally

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26
Q

Political economy:

A

The study of power relations at the intersection of media, economics, and politics

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27
Q

Public media ownership:

A

Media that is owned by - yet operate at arms length from the government

28
Q

Web 2.0:

A

The second stage of development of the world wide web, Introducing user generated content

29
Q

What are the proletariat and bourgeoisie?

A

The working class and capitalists

30
Q

According to Marx, what is class-consciousness?

A

A shared sense of identity and interests from awareness of similar economic position- ability to recognize oppression

31
Q

What is the meaning of “social stratification”?

A

The hierarchal system based on class, socioeconomic status, and power combined with gender and race.

32
Q

Which countries have the least income inequality?

A

Those with minimal social stratification

33
Q

What is expected of future Canadian inequality?

A

Canada’s percentage of millionaires is expected to increase in the next decade

34
Q

What is the functionalist perspective on class and social stratification?

A

Social stratification plays an important role in society and influences people to take on specific social roles and jobs.
Functionalist theory is weak.

35
Q

What is the conflict theorist perspective on class and inequality?

A

social inequality only serves the dominant group in society and may be harmful to society as a whole.

36
Q

What are the four types of alienation that Marx identified through industrialization?

A
  1. Alienation of the worker: workers separated from their humanity.
  2. Alienation between workers: a commodity is exchanged rather than meaningful social relationship between boss and worker
  3. Alienation of the worker from the product: Mass produced and out of the workers control.
  4. Alienation from the act of production: Work is perceived as meaningless with minimal satisfaction
37
Q

What is the feminist perspective on class and inequality?

A

Canada has disproportionate wage gaps and class inequalities between men and women, racialized minorities, and Indigenous women.

38
Q

Symbolic interactionism explains how people give meaning to social stratification, Thornstein theorized conspicuous consumption meaning:

A

The practice of purchasing valuable goods to express class and belonging.

39
Q

What is social mobility?

A

Moving from one class or occupational status to another

40
Q

Upward mobility:

A

The move to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy

41
Q

To obtain upward mobility what two things may occur?

A

Exchange mobility - Movement when a vacant spot becomes available

Structural mobility: Movement when there is a creation of new jobs

42
Q

What is the difference between the primary and secondary labour markets?

A

The primary labour market offers high paying jobs and opportunity for career advancement while the secondary labour market offers low paying jobs and minimal mobility.

43
Q

What is the difference between Inter and Intragenerational mobility?

A

Intergenerational- The movement of higher or lower positions than parents

Intragenerational: Movement between social classes throughout your lifetime.

44
Q

Downward mobility:

A

Vertical mobility that moves people from higher status to lower

45
Q

What is being underemployed? Who experiences this the most?

A

Employment in a job that requires much less skill and pay that you are qualified for.
Immigrants are often victim to this

46
Q

Which of the following is an indicator of a societies openness and well being?

a. Exchange mobility
b.Upward mobility
c. Structural mobility
d. Intergenerational mobility

A

b

47
Q

Which are the three methods used to measure poverty in Canada?

A
  1. Low income cut off (LICO) - Differences in money spent on necessities for a family
  2. Market Basket Measure (MBM) - calculates how much income a household needs for necessities and social norms
  3. Low income measure (LIM) - calculates the low income threshold within a similar community with the same sized family
48
Q

What are the two different kinds of poverty? Explain.

A

Absolute poverty: Not having enough income for the basic necessities

Relative poverty: Enough money to survive but not afford the standard average of living.

49
Q

Why is the percentage of homelessness in Canada inaccurate?

A

Hidden homelessness- people without homes who stay with friends and family temporarily

50
Q

What is the SDOH?

A

Social determinants of health- the numerous social factors that affect a person’s health and well-being

51
Q

What are the different approaches to viewing health? Explain.

A

Biomedical- considers only physiological and genetic factors relevant to one’s health

Behaviour- considers the lifestyle choices of the individual as the only factors relevant to a persons well-being

Biopsychosocial- recognizes how a variety of emotional, mental and physical aspects contribute to well-being

52
Q

What is a social determinant of health for marginalized individuals?

A

Microaggressions

53
Q

What is the underlying issues with food banks and charitable organizations? (depoliticization)

A

Book banks allow the illusion that hunger crisis is being taken care of, charitable organizations taking on this responsibility defers attention away from governments who are responsible.

54
Q

What is the main argument against Universal Basic Income?

A

It would eliminate motivation to work

55
Q

What is hegemonic masculinity?

A

Social construction of gender including stereotypical behaviours and attitudes for men. (strong, brave, etc)

56
Q

What is hegemonic femininity?

A

Social construction of gender including stereotypical behaviours and attitudes for women. (emotional, caring,etc.)

57
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

Indicates what gender(s) an individual is attracted to

58
Q

What does society consider gender roles?

A

learned patterns of behaviour associated with masculinity and femininity

59
Q

What is “performativity”? why is it problematic?

A

Sex and gender role norms are constantly repeating, or being performed to be seen as “normal”. Those who differentiate are punished.

60
Q

Conflict theorist perspective on gender:

A

Capitalism demands the low-cost social reproduction of women. Patriarchy is a result from capitalism - women should have economic equality
Gender inequalities lead women to support the workforce without pay

61
Q

Functionalist perspective on gender:

A

Social gendering is inevitable and the most effective way to carry out reproduction and socialization.
One parent in the home while the other is a bread-winner is beneficial.

62
Q

Symbolic interactionist perspective on gender:

A

Examines the ways that gender roles become gender inequalities. The underlying messages of society that persist gender norms.

63
Q

What is the feminist theory of “intersectionality”? Who coined this term?

A

Intersectionality recognizes that we all have multiple interlocking social identities, this creates more complex systems of oppression and marginalization.

Kimberle Crenshaw

64
Q

What is standpoint theory?

A

We all view society from different social locations.
White middle-class men will have a more privileged view, and dominate academia.

65
Q

What about the #Metoo movement is problematic? from a standpoint theory

A

The trend only gained momentum when white upper-class women spoke out. Racialized women were ignored.

66
Q

What theoretical approach is most closely associated with intersectionality?

A

Feminist theory

67
Q

What is a womans “second shift”?

A

The unpaid housework and caretaking in addition to full time work

Soc 100 (2 decks)

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