Soc mid term Flashcards
what is a society
a group of people who share a culture and a territory
what is Sociology
like all the other social sciences it studies culture and group structure, they also look at how people govern themselves, it also studies how people adapt to hard times. But they differ because they look broader and include external factors!
what is important about the Sociological imagination By C. Wright Mills?
History—Location in Broad
Stream of Events
Biography—Individual’s
Specific Experiences
Personal Troubles vs. Public
Issues
are the things important the idea of how individual troubles affect everyone
What is important about “Stepping back” – Horace Miner
The Nacirema, or American spelled backwords. What may seem normal to us can be alien to someone else.
How does the Location in social structure have significance?
Your location in a social structure defines your norms, ideals, culture, mentality, social ability, just about everything even your education status.
What is Positivism and who is it associated with?
Auguste Comte, he saw the French and American revoultions and wondered why these things happened. He asked why do we have anarchy or chaos or social order? Explained that they should guide society.
Founder of Sociology
What is Social Darwinism and who is associated with it?
Herbert Spencer,
He vastly disagreed with Comte. He thought that if we chose how to guide society, we would interfere with nature’s process. Coined the idea that those who survive are the fittest and started Social Darwinism with Businessmen using to justify abuse. Later discredited!
Who is Karl Marx, and what are his ideals?
Marx believed that the engine of human history is Class Conflict. Society is made up of two classes the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.
Did not found Communism but his ideals were related to it!
What is Class Conflict and what terms are associated with it?
Class conflict is when one upper class or Bourgises takes advantage of Proletarian. For example Southern white slave owners up until the civil war.
Who is Karl Marx, and what are his ideals?
Marx believed that the engine of human history is Class Conflict. Society is made up of two classes the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.
He did not found Communism but his ideals were related to it!
Who is Max Weber and what is his Sociological idea?
A sociologist who was the opposite of Karl Marx. Theorized that Religion was the driving force of change. Coined the Protestant ethic as the driving force behind capitalism.
What is the study of suicide by Emilie Durkheim?
The study pointed out that suicide was a Social Fact.
“Every way of acting, fixed or not, capable
of exercising on the individual an external
constraint.”
For example, the Style of our homes, of our clothing, Laws, morals, beliefs, customs, fashion
Who is Jane Addams? What did they pioneer?
Modern Social work, Had people stay in home till they could get back on their feet.
Who is W.E.D Dubois and what did they do?
First African American to earn a PhD from
Harvard However, never felt a part of it – “in Harvard but not of it.” Famous study –
The Philadelphia Negro
Documented the negative impact of racial
discrimination and segregation in the urban North.
Advocated for social policy change and pushed for
efforts to improve the situation of blacks
throughout the country.
Who is Harriet Martineau and what did they do?
Introduced Sociology to England, Main work was Society in America. largely ignored!
What is Basic sociology?
it is the theories and testing those hypotheses, Research on Basic social life and how that affects people
What is applied Sociology?
Implementing Solutions (Clinical sociology)
Think support groups and outreach programs.
What is Macro level analysis?
an examination of large scal patterns of society; such as how Wall Street and the political establishments are interrelated
What is micro-level analysis
an examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how the members of a group interact.
What is Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactions are what titles and names we give to aunts, uncles and employers, moms, and fathers.
It makes the Social construct of reality
A dad without meaning is just a person. But because they have a Son they are a dad, so it gives them meaning without that. They are nothing!
What is structural functionalism, and what does it mean?
They are parts of the whole of society. Think of the organs that make up a human.
It has certain functions like to encourage good things like marriage and open communication and love, but also had dysfunction like crime
Furthermore, those “dysfunctions” have certain things they point out. Like high Crime may not be because they are bad, They may have no other option but to steal.
What is Culture?
Beliefs, Values, Norms,
Material objects
❖ Shared by Group
Members
❖ Passed from One
Generation to the Next
What is Ethnocentrism?
Deming one culture as the way to judge other cultures, leads to conflict.
What is Cultural relativism?
Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms.
What is relativist fallacy?
is claiming that something is true for one person but not true for someone else
