soc final ch 15

Question 1

what is the difference between demography and population

Answer 1

• demography is a scientific study of human population, wheras population refers to people sharing a geographic location

Question 2

what is difference between fertility and mortality?

Answer 2

• fertility refers to a number of births during a specific period during society, wheras mortality refers to a number of deaths during a specfied period during society

Question 3

what is the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate?

Answer 3

• crude birth rate refers to number of births per 1000 people in a population in a given yr, whereas crude death rate refers to number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given yr

Question 4

what does total fertility rate mean?

Answer 4

• number of children born to a woman during her lifetime

Question 5

Describe the population pyramid

Answer 5

• a graphic depiction of a populations age and sex

Question 6

what does malthusian theory mean?
- populations grows at a ____ rate, whereas the food supply grows at a ______ rate
- famine, disease, war are known as ____ checks
- contraception, postponing marriage, abortion, extramarital sex are known as _____ checks

Answer 6

• population is growing faster than food supply
• geometric, arithmetic
• positive, preventative

Question 7

what does zero population growth mean?

Answer 7

• state population level where a woman has no more than 2 children

Question 8

what is the difference between edge cities and exurbs?

Answer 8

• edge cities refers to business centers that are within or close to residental suburban areas, wheras exurbs are small, prosperous communities beyond a citys suburbs.

Question 9

what does gentrification mean?

Answer 9

• rich ppl buying and renovating home in a poor area

Question 10

what does urban ecology mean? viewed by which sociological perspective?

Answer 10

• studies the relationships between people and urban environment
• functionalism

Question 11

what does environmental racism aka environmental injustice mean?

Answer 11

• exposure of health hazards to minorities

Question 12

what does greenhouse effect mean?

Answer 12

• heating of earths atomsphere bc of gases

Question 13

which type of perspective views city residents differ in their types of interaction, lifestyles and perceptions of urban life

Answer 13

• symbolic

Question 14

which type of perspective views women generally experience fewer choices and more constraints than men

Answer 14

feminism

Question 15

which type of perspective is driven by greed and profit, large corporations, banks, developers and other captialist group shape cities’ growth and decline

Answer 15

• conflcit

Question 16

which type of perspective serve many important social and econmic functions, but urbanizations can also be dysfunctional

Answer 16

functionalist

Question 17

which theory is being criticised on ignoring studies that show urbanites are more diverse than claimed

Answer 17

• symbolic

Question 18

what is replacement rate

Answer 18

• women cannot have more than 2 kids to maintain a stable population growth

Question 19

what does demographic transition theory mean?

Answer 19

• population growth is kept in check as countries experience economic and technological growth

Question 20

what is urban sprawl

Answer 20

• unplanned and uncontrolled growth spread of development into adjacent cities

Question 21

what does new urban sociology mean? and what perspecitve views this?

Answer 21

• urban changes are made by high-income groups and capitalist
• conflict