soaps detergents and emulsions

Question 1

emulsifier used to

Answer 1

to prevent polar and non polar liquids from separating into 2 layers

Question 2

what’s an emulsion and what does it contain

Answer 2

mixture of 2 or more immiscible liquids
- small droplets of one liquid dispersed into another

Question 3

how are emulsifiers made

Answer 3

reacting edible oils with glycerol forming 1 or 2 fatty acids linked to each glycerol backbone

Question 4

hydroxyl groups in emulsifiers are..

Answer 4

hydrophilic
- dissolve in water forming stable emulsion

Question 5

fatty acid chains are..

Answer 5

hydrophobic
- dissolve in oil

Question 6

why are soaps used

Answer 6

to remove non-polar substances like oil and grease

Question 7

soap ions have…

Answer 7

• long non-polar tails which are hydrophobic and dissolve in oil
• ionic heads which are hydrophilic

1. hydrophilic heads are surrounded by water
2. agitation causes ball like structure to form
3. negatively charged ball like structures repel each other and oil is kept in water

Question 8

soapless detergents

Answer 8

substances with non-polar hydrophobic tails and ionic hydrophilic heads

Question 8

hard water

Answer 8

water containing high levels of dissolved metal ions
- when soap in hard water insoluble participate formed

Question 9

how do soapless detergents work

Answer 9

remove oil in same way as soap
- do not form a precipitate w hard water