soal gambar

Question 1

Identify the following structures. The figure shows a right transcallosal approach to the third ventricle

1. caudate nucleus
2. choroid plexus
3. foramen of Monro

4 Columns of the fornix

5. septum pellucidum
6. thalamostriate vein

Answer 1

1. D. caudate nucleus
2. I. choroid plexus
3. F. foramen of Monro
4. B. Columns of the fornix
5. A. septum pellucidum
6. G. thalamostriate vein

Question 2

Identify the following structures. The figure illustrates the structures exposed through the right opticocarotid triangle.

38 basilar artery .

39. pituitary stalk
40. right oculomotor
41. right posterior cerebral artery
42. internal carotid artery
43. left duplicated superior cerebellar artery
44. right superior cerebellar artery
45. right A1 artery

Answer 2

38. F. basilar artery .
39. G. pituitary stalk
40. H right oculomotor
41. C right posterior cerebral artery
42. A internal carotid artery
43. D left duplicated superior cerebellar artery
44. B right superior cerebellar artery
45. E right A1 artery

Question 3

61 to 70, the figure illustrates a lateral view of the left cavernous sinus. Match the following triangles with the descriptions/structures. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. clinoidal
B. oculomotor
C. supratrochlear
D. infratrochlear or Parkinson’s
E. anteromedial
F. anterolateral
G. posterolateral or Glasscock’
H. posteromedial or Kawase’s

61. clinoidal segment of the internal carotid artery
62. intracavernous carotid artery
63. intrapetrous carotid artery
64. meningohypophyseal trunk origin
65. optic strut
66. sphenoid sinus and lower margin of Vl
67. Two margins of this triangle are formed by the anterior and posterior petroclinoidal dural folds.
68. located between V2 and V3
69. contains the foramen spinosum
70. contains the cochlea

Answer 3

61. A clinoidal
62. D infratrochlear or Parkinson’s
63. H posteromedial or Kawase’s
64. D infratrochlear or Parkinson’s
65. A clinoidal
66. E anteromedial
67. B oculomotor
68. F anterolateral
69. G posterolateral or Glasscock’
70. H posteromedial or Kawase’s

Question 4

For questions 84 to 88, the figure illustrates the right internal auditory canal through
a middle fossa approach. Identify the following nerves.

84. labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve
85. meatal segment of the facial nerve
86. superior vestibular nerve
87. greater petrosal nerve
88. geniculate ganglioi

Answer 4

84. E. labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve
85. C. meatal segment of the facial nerve
86. D. superior vestibular nerve
87. A. greater petrosal nerve
88. B. geniculate ganglioi

Question 5

For questions 103 to 106, the figure illustrates the nerves occupying the right internal auditory canal through a middle fossa approach. Identify their relative positions.

103. inferior and anterior
104. inferior and posterior
105. superior and anterior
106. superior and posterior

Answer 5

103. C inferior and anterior
104. D inferior and posterior
105. A superior and anterior
106. B superior and posterior

Question 6

For questions 121 to 128, the figure illustrates the left retrosigmoid approach. Identify the following structures.

121. subarcuate artery
122. anteroinferior cerebellar artery
123. cochlear nerve
124. facial nerve
125. glossopharyngeal nerve
126. spinal accessory nerve
127. posteroinferior cerebellar artery
128. vagus nerve

Answer 6

121. B subarcuate artery
122. A anteroinferior cerebellar artery
123. F cochlear nerve
124. E facial nerve
125. C glossopharyngeal nerve
126. G spinal accessory nerve
127. H posteroinferior cerebellar artery
128. D vagus nerve

Question 7

For questions 142 to 148, the figure illustrates the left presigmoid, retrolabyrinthine

approach. Identify the following structures.
142. internal acoustic meatus
143. posterior inferior cerebellar artery

144. chorda tympani nerve
145. facial nerve
146. superior cerebellar artery
147. trigeminal nerve
148. trochlear nerve

Answer 7

142. D internal acoustic meatus
143. E posterior inferior cerebellar artery
144. G chorda tympani nerve
145. F facial nerve
146. B superior cerebellar artery
147. C trigeminal nerve
148. A trochlear nerve

Question 8

For questions 157 to 163, the figure illustrates the subchoroidal transvelum interposi-
tum approach to the third ventricle. Identify the following structures.
157. anterior caudate vein
158. column of the fornix
159. internal cerebral vein
160. septa1 vein
161. tela choroidea
162. thalamostriate vein
163. thalamus

Answer 8

157. C anterior caudate vein
158. B column of the fornix
159. D internal cerebral vein
160. A septa1 vein
161. G tela choroidea
162. E thalamostriate vein
163. F thalamus

Question 9

For questions 164 to 168, the figure illustrates the left retrocondylar, far lateral approach. Identify the following structures.

164, dorsal ramus of Cl

165. glossopharyngeal nerve
166. hypoglossal nerve
167. spinal accessory nerve
168. vagus nerve

Answer 9

164, E dorsal ramus of Cl

165. A glossopharyngeal nerve
166. D hypoglossal nerve
167. C spinal accessory nerve
168. B vagus nerve

Question 10

For questions 169 to 174, the figure illustrates the pterional approach to aneurysm clipping. Identify the following structures.

169. anterior cerebral artery
170. anterior choroidal artery
171. middle cerebral artery
172. optic nerve
173. posterior communicating artery
174. superior hypophyseal artery

Answer 10

169. D anterior cerebral artery
170. E anterior choroidal artery
171. F middle cerebral artery
172. A optic nerve
173. B posterior communicating artery
174. C superior hypophyseal artery

Question 11

176. The MRI shown is that of a 40-year-old patient with bitemporal hemianopia
     and a prolactin level of 89. The best management of this lesion is
     A. bromocriptine
     B. bromocriptine, then surgery
     C. follow with serial MRIs
     D. radiation therapy
     E. surgery
177. If the prolactin level of the same patient in question 176 was found to be 650.
     the best management is
     A. bromocriptine
     B. follow with serial MRIs and prolactin levels
     C. radiation therapy
     D. surgery
     E. surgery, then radiation therapy

Answer 11

176. E . surgery
177. A. bromocriptine

For questions 176-177 see GlT p. 1157; CNBR Fig. 3-114-A. A prolactin level of 89 probably represents the “stalk effect” from this large pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension. A preoperative ophthalmologic examination should be documented, and surgery probably should be performed because chiasmal compression is evident. A prolactin level of 650 suggests a prolactinoma that should be bromocriptine responsive.

Question 12

For questions 182 to 189, the figure illustrates a lateral view of the contents of the right orbit. The eyeball attachment of the lateral rectus muscle has been divided. Identify the following structures.

182. inferior rectus muscle
183. inferior division of the oculomotor nerve
184. abducens nerve
185. frontal nerve
186. nasociliary nerve
187. superior division of the oculomotor nerve
188. optic nerve
189. trochlear nerve

Answer 12

182. H inferior rectus muscle
183. D inferior division of the oculomotor nerve
184. E abducens nerve
185. A frontal nerve
186. C nasociliary nerve
187. B superior division of the oculomotor nerve
188. G optic nerve
189. F trochlear nerve

Question 13

For questions 49 to 55, match the fracture type with the mechanism. Each respons may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

49. hangman’s fracture
50. burst fracture
51. unilateral facet dislocation
52. teardrop fracture
53. bilateral facet dislocation
54. horizontal facet fracture
55. Jefferson’s fracture

Answer 13

49. D hangman’s fracture
50. C burst fracture
51. E unilateral facet dislocation
52. B teardrop fracture
53. A bilateral facet dislocation
54. F horizontal facet fracture
55. C Jefferson’s fracture